1.1 集合的含义及其表示第一课时评课稿

Teaching aims: Module5

Unit1 Grammar and Usage 1.

Ss will find out and learn the functions of To-infinitive in a sentence and its different forms by involving themselves in different activities, games and competitions; 2.

Ss will know how to use Bare infinitive; 3.

Ss will further learn how to get along well with friends. The Main points: 1. To-infinitive 2. Bare infinitive Teaching Procedure: Part I

To-infinitive Step 1

lead in

Tell the functions of the To-infinitives in the following sentences. 1.To do it like that is foolish. ______

2. I want to see you. ______ 3.I am to visit you. ______

4. He has lots of work to do. _______ 5.I study hard to improve English. _______

6.The teacher ask me to answer the question. ________ Step 2

The functions of To-infinitive 1. 作主语

1.学习外语真的很重要。

______ ______ ______ is really important nowadays. 2.做一名医生是我的梦想。

______ ______ ______ ______ is my dream. Tips: 1）动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做_________，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：______ is necessary to read English every day. ______ is a good idea to go for a picnic today. 2）这时的形容词常为easy, difficult, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, necessary, impossible, important 等。名词或词组常为a fact, a great day, a great thing, a pity 等。

It作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型: a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式

b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) + 不定式

c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式

E.g It’s my duty to teach you how to learn English well.

It requires patience to be a good teacher. 2.作宾语

1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。

Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided ______ ______ _____ a job. 2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。

He promised not ______ ______ ______

about it. Tips:1）不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾补，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用______做形式宾语。

例如：He find______ difficult to learn Chinese.

We think______ important to master a foreign language. 2）可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多, 如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish，…

E.g．I don’t want ___ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound

B. to be sounded

C. sounding

D. to have sounded 3.作表语

The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。

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1.我的任务是去完成作业。My task is ______ ______ ______ ______. 2. 眼见为实。To see is

______ ______ . 4.作定语

1. 你有什么要说的吗? Do you have anything ______ _____? 2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人

Betty was the first ______ _____the truth Tip1: 不定式做定语时，表示未做。

I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow.

Tip2: 动词不定式用作定语时可以放在一些名词的后面。如：attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need and opportunity. Tip 3：当名词被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作定语

Tip4:做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的______词。例如：

She had only a small room to live ______. I need a pen to write ______. Tip5：注意主动和被动

Do you have anything to ______(wash)? 你有什么要洗吗？

（不定式________的动作执行者是you）

Do you have anything to _______( wash)?

你有什么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式________的动作执行者是别人，而不是you）

5.作状语

He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. 不定式作______状语

I am happy to hear the news. 不定式作______状语

I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.不定式作

______状语

Tips:①

so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语

②

在so…as to, such…as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语, 其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。

He reached the bus station only to find the bus had left. He hurried to the station only ___ that the train had gone.

A. to find

B. finding

C. found

D. to have found ③

enough to, too…to结构

The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.

④

形容词(glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等)+ 不定式结构作原因状语I am glad to meet you. 6.作宾补

1. 她叫我呆在这儿。She asked me______ ______ there. 2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。Please allow me______ _______ _____ _____ _______ ______. Part II

Step 1.Bare

infinitive（不定式符号to的省略）

我听到他在唱流行歌曲I heard them______ ______

______ ______. 我看到他们踢足球了We watched them______ ______ . 他让我擦玻璃He made me ______ ______ ______. 注意A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to“，5321”如see, watch, notice, observe, look at（五看）. make, have, let（三让）; hear, listen to（二听）, feel（一感）主动省“to”，被动加

“

to”

B①介词but，except, 表示“除了”后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do，不定式省to。②当主语部分有行为动词do，不定式做表语省to。

“前有do，后省to”

e.g.

1.we had nothing to do but/except wait. 2. What I want to do is find some books. The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。

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C.两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and，or，but，rather than 连接时，第二个不定式符号to开始，常省略。

1.Would you like to go shopping or watch films. 2.I decide to work rather than play. 3.She told me to listen carefully and work hard StepⅡ不定式后动词的省略

作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留不定式符号to 。

A:Would you like to come to my party? Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike). B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party). StepⅢ疑问词+to do 动词不定式还可以和what, where, how, when, which等连接代词（副词）连用，在句中做主语,宾语和表语，宾补。如：

1.如何处理垃圾是个问题。

______________________ is a problem. 2.I couldn’t decide ________________. (买哪一个) StepⅣ不定式的时态和语态

时态/语态

一般式

进行式

完成式

主动

to do to be doing to have done 被动

to be done / to have been done e.g. 1.He is said to go to beijing.To do一般表示动作未做

2. He is said to be studying abroad. 所表示的动作正在进行。

3. He is said to have studied abroad for 2 years.To be doing To have done表示动作已经发生

（发生在谓语动词之前）

Exercises: 1.—Andy works hard .

---so he does, he is oftenseen _____after work.

A. playing B. to play

C. to be played D. to be playing 2.I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something_____.

A. drunk

B. to drink C. to be drunk D. drinking 3.---Do you plan to go to Beijing?

---Yes, I plan ___.

A. \

B. to

C. so

D. that 4.He gave us some advice on how____ English.

A. improving

B. improved

C. to improve D. improve 5.To get a good mark, ______.

A. a lot of practice is needed

B. it needs practice

C. practice is in need of

D. you need a lot of practice 6. While watching television, ______. A. The doorbell rang

B. The doorbell rings

C. We heard the doorbell ring

D. We heard the doorbell rings 7. If anyone happens to drop in while I’m out, _____ him or her leave a message. The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。

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A. have

B. get

C. ask

D. tell 8. All these gifts must be mailed immediately __ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving 9. He hurried to the station only ___ that the train had gone. A. to find

B. finding

C. found

D. to have found 10. --- Is Bob still performing? --- I’m afraid not. He is said __ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been

D. to be left 高考真题体验

1.He told us whether _____a picnic was still under discussion.

A. to have

B. having

C.have

D. had 2.---can I smoke here?

----sorry.we don’t allow___here.

A . people smoking

B.to smoke

C. people smoke

D.smoking 3.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library. A. repaired

B. being repaired

C. repairing

D. to be repaired 4.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ___ regularly, can improve our health.

A．being carried out

B.carrying out

C．carried out

D．to carry out

5. I had great difficulty______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.

A. find

B. found

C. to find

D. finding 6.That is the only way we can imagine______the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.

A. reducing

B. to reduce

C. reduced

D. reduce 7. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______. A to discover

B to be discovered

C discovered

D being discovered 8.We were astonished ______the temple

still

in its original condition . A finding

B. to find

C. find

D.to be found

9. Alexander tried to get his work_____in the medical circles.

A. to recognize

B. recognizing

C. recognize

D. recognized 10. His first book ____ next month is based on a true story.

A. published

B. to be published

C. to publish

D. being published Homework: Preview the next part of the grammar

Reflection:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。

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