构建知识体系教学活动设计方案

ollowing parts of ordinary bolt connection: wall-beams, purlins, knee. Design of drainage, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, power should be subject to safety requirements for steel structures of other professions, it is forbidden to weld hanging load and increased roof and columns. Construction prepared and the construction layout first section material prepared and the processing production prepared according to Zhejiang more Palace steel limited and Wuhan intelligent elevator limited by signed of contract file and the Institute provides of steel design blueprint, I company and the Organization Technology Department, production department, procurement Department, bid do Engineering Department, related production sector for drawings triage, and according to owners requirements timely design out production and the processing detail and for has related professional sector of strictly triage, specific work process following: Bid do bid notice→ echnology Department → add up do → procurement department → production department → quality Department → Engineering Department Technology Department production and theprocessing detail proposed Hou, by add up do coordination the sector of supporting work, and by figure line by varieties, and specifications, and quality for classified, and notification Procurement Department for material of market survey and procurement, by quality Department according to by purchased material of specifications varieties for quality review and test, not qualified of material varieties and specifications strongly ban for the engineering in the, After passing inspection informed the workshop of production of timber according to strict production details of production, workshop organized by the General Manager before the production technology and security sector technical safety training, safety education company to strictly three-level disclosure, training of qualified personnel is strictly prohibited to post production, production personnel must be listed to work, you must have the corresponding certificate. Road workers must have the certificate, and regular assessments should be carried out, not a skilled operator posts is strictly prohibited. Production of various items of equipment, appliances and other, non-professional is strictly prohibited actions and strict regulations, strong rewards, be elimnated. Production line set on person, title, responsibilities, and performance and safety comprehensive assessment. Material procurement process strictly handling the- 《走

进

概

率》

中考复习课之概率专题教学设计

武胜县万善初级中学

王秋霞

教学任务分析

教

学

目

标

重点

难点

1．在具体情境中了解概率的意义，运用列举法(包括列表、画树状图)计算简单事件发生的概率。

知识与技能目标

2．通过实验，获得事件发生的频率；知道大量重复实验时频率可作为事件发生的概率的估计值。

通过不同层次的题组练习及实例进一步丰富对概率的认识，并能熟练地解决过程与方法目标

一些实际问题。

通过师生活动、游戏增进师生、生生之间的配合，同时培养学生严谨的数学情感与态度目标

推理能力。

用列举法（包括列表、画树状图）计算简单事件发生的概率。

用列举法（包括列表、画树状图）计算随机事件较复杂（两次或两次以上操作）的概率及应用。

课

前

准

备

教

具

课件

扑克牌

学

生

导学案一份

补充材料

教学过程设计

情景导入

回归概念

中考热点分析（归纳考点）

题组训练

反馈矫正与扩展性训练

课堂总结

布置作业



知识图航：

ollowing parts of ordinary bolt connection: wall-beams, purlins, knee. Design of drainage, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, power should be subject to safety requirements for steel structures of other professions, it is forbidden to weld hanging load and increased roof and columns. Construction prepared and the construction layout first section material prepared and the processing production prepared according to Zhejiang more Palace steel limited and Wuhan intelligent elevator limited by signed of contract file and the Institute provides of steel design blueprint, I company and the Organization Technology Department, production department, procurement Department, bid do Engineering Department, related production sector for drawings triage, and according to owners requirements timely design out production and the processing etail and for has related professional sector of strictly triage, specific work process following: Bid do bid notice → echnology Department → add up do → procurement department → production department → quality Department → Engineering Department echnology Department production and theprocessing detail proposed Hou, by add up do coordination the sector of supporting work, and by figure line by varieties, and specifications, and quality for classified, and notification Procurement Department for material of market survey and procurement, by quality Department according to by purchased material of specifications varieties for quality review and test, not qualified of material varieties and specifications strongly ban for the engineering in the, After passing inspection informed the workshop of production of timber according to strict production details of production, workshop organized by the General Manager before the production technology and security sector technical safety training, safety education company to strictly three-level disclosure, training of qualified personnel is strictly prohibited to post production, production personnel must be listed to work, you must have the corresponding certificate. Road workers must have the certificate, and regular assessments should be carried out, not a skilled operator posts is strictly prohibited. Production of various items of equipment, appliances and other, non-professional is strictly prohibited actions and strict regulations, strong rewards, be eliminated. Production line set on person, title, responsibilities, and performance and safety comprehensive assessment. Material procurement process strictly handling the

教学内容

情引入：请问诗句“清明时节雨纷纷”蕴含着怎样的数学知识？

景（回忆引出概率的话题）

导

入

近年中考概率考查的方法主要为以下几点：

中考

一、考查对概率的意义的理解

热

二、考查列举法(包括列表、画树状图)的运用

点分

三、考查概率说理

析

四、考查概率与频率之间的实际运用

活

动利用扑克牌创设活动情景，从而回顾三类事件、概率的意中回义及计算公式和求法、频率估计概率等相关概念。

顾相关概念

（2014•广安）大课间活动时，有两个同学做了一个数字游戏：

有三张正面写有数字﹣1，0，1的卡片，它们背面完全相同，

将这三张卡片背面朝上洗匀后，其中一个同学随机抽取一张，操将其正面的数字作为p的值，然后将卡片放回并洗匀，另一个作同学再从这三张卡片中随机抽取一张，将其正面的数字作为q性值，两次结果记为（p，q）．

题（1）请你帮他们用树状图或列表法表示（p，q）所有可能出现型的结果；

训（2）求满足关于x的方程x2+px+q=0没有实数解的概率．

练

师生活动

教师从清明有关诗句入手创设情境，学生产生疑问和兴趣并进行讨论与回答。

教师用投影出示，学生齐读，并对照自身实际掌握情况，查漏补缺。

设计意图

从学生熟悉的诗句入手，使他们感受数学知识的精妙。引发相关概念的回顾。

让学生了解中考概率中的考查方法与题型，有利用学生在中考中知己知彼，百战百胜。

师生互动。

在情境中设问，学生通过自主思考、合作交流从而回顾相关知识。

教师用常见的数字游戏，让学生思考后采取列表或画树状图的方法求出相应事件的概率。让学生提炼出本题组的解题策略：二次操作时：用列表、易出错点：没有区分好有放回和不放回的情境。没有注意到各种情况出现的等可能性。

学生进行本题组训练习，教师巡视同学解题的情况与个别辅导。收集课堂学习反馈的信息。用投影集体核对解题过程并提炼解题以数字游戏为背景使学生掌握最基本的概率求法----列举法（列表或画树状图）使学生进一步明确有放回实验和无放回实验的不同，正确使用列举法求概率，主要考查列举法（包括列表、画树状图）的运用。

说理性题

四张质地相同的卡片如图所示，将卡片洗匀后，背面朝上放置在桌面上．

(1)求随机抽取一张卡片，恰好得到数字2的概率；

(2)小贝和小晶想用以上四张卡本题组的设计目的是训练学生应用概率来进行说理的能力。这种说理性的题型是近年来中考的热点。同时进行变式训练，让学生

ollowing parts of ordinary bolt connection: wall-beams, purlins, knee. Design of drainage, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, power should be subject to safety requirements for steel structures of other professions, it is forbidden to weld hanging load and increased roof and columns. Construction prepared and the construction layout first section material prepared and the processing production prepared according to Zhejiang more Palace steel limited and Wuhan intelligent elevator limited by signed of contract file and the Institute provides of steel design blueprint, I company and the Organization Technology Department, production department, procurement Department, bid do Engineering Department, related production sector for drawings triage, and according to owners requirements timely design out production and the processing detail and for has related professional sector of strictly triage, specific work process following: Bid do bid notice → echnology Department → add up do → procurement department → production department → quality Department → Egineering Department Technology Department production and theprocessing detail proposed Hou, by add up do coordination the sector of supporting work, and by figure line by varieties, and specifications, and quality for classified, and notification Procurement Department for material of market survey and procurement, by quality Department according to by purchased material of specifications varieties for quality review and test, not qualified of material varieties and specifications strongly ban for the engineering in the, After passing inspection informed the workshop of production of timber according to strict production details of production, workshop organized by the General Manager before the production technology and security sector technical safety training, safety education company to strictly three-level disclosure, training of qualified personnel is strictly prohibited to post production, production personnel must be listed to work, you must have the corresponding certificate. Road workers must have the certificate, and regular assessments should be carried out, not a skilled operator posts is strictly prohibited. Production of various items of equipment, appliances and other, non-professional is strictly prohibited actions and strict regulations, strong rewards, be eliminated. Production line set on person, title, responsibilities, and performance and safety comprehensive assessment. Material procurement process strictly handling the型片做游戏，游戏规则见信息图．你认为这个游戏公平吗？请用策略：先用列举体会到生活中处训列表法或画树形图法说明理由，若认为不公平，请你修改规则，法求所发生事件处有概率存在。

的概率，再比较

练

使游戏变得公平．

事件间概率大小来进行说理。

学生总结归纳，不足的地方老师补充说明，并投影出示。

使学生对本节课的知识有一个系统全面的认识，并把学过的相关知识有机地串联起来，便于记忆和应用，也进一步升华了这节课所要表达的本质思想，让学生的认知更上一层。

总问题：这节课你有什么收获?学到了哪些知识和方法? 结

概附：中考概率试题特点分析：

括

自1.考查对概率意义的理解以及频率和概率关系的认识。

我2.考查利用列举法计算事件发生的概率。

评3.考查运用概率的知识和方法分析、说理，解决一些简单的实价

际问题。

作业设计

1.

下列事件：(1)阴天会下雨；(2)随机掷一枚均匀的硬币，正面朝上；(3)13名同学中，有两人的出生月份相同；(4)2010年亚运会将在广州举行。其中不确定事件有（

）。

A、1个

B、2个

C、3个

D、4个

2.

在研究抛掷分别标有1、2、3、4、5、6的质地均匀的正六面体骰子时，提出了一个问题：连续抛掷三次骰子，正面朝上的点数是三个连续整数的概率有多大？

假设下表是几位同学抛掷骰子的实验数据：

同学编号

抛掷情况

抛掷次数

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 正面朝上的点数是

三个连续整数的次数

请你根据这些数据估计上面问题的答案大约是 .

10 12 20 22 25 33 36 41

ollowing parts of ordinary bolt connection: wall-beams, purlins, knee. Design of drainage, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, power should be subject to safety requirements for steel structures of other professions, it is forbidden to weld hanging load and increased roof and columns. Construction prepared and the construction layout first section material prepared and the processing production prepared according to Zhejiang more Palace steel limited and Wuhan intelligent elevator limited by signed of contract file and the Institute provides of steel design blueprint, I company and the Organization Technology Department, production department, procurement Department, bid do Engineering Department, related production sector for drawings triage, and according to owners requirements timely design out production and the processing etail and for has related professional sector of strictly triage, specific work process following: Bid do bid notice → echnology Department → add up do → procurement department → production department → quality Department → Engineering Department echnology Department production and theprocessing detail proposed Hou, by add up do coordination the sector of supporting work, and by figure line by varieties, and specifications, and quality for classified, and notification Procurement Department for material of market survey and procurement, by quality Department according to by purchased material of specifications varieties for quality review and test, not qualified of material varieties and specifications strongly ban for the engineering in the, After passing inspection informed the workshop of production of timber according to strict production details of production, workshop organized by the General Manager before the production technology and security sector technical safety training, safety education company to strictly three-level disclosure, training of qualified personnel is strictly prohibited to post production, production personnel must be listed to work, you must have the corresponding certificate. Road workers must have the certificate, and regular assessments should be carried out, not a skilled operator posts is strictly prohibited. Production of various items of equipment, appliances and other, non-professional is strictly prohibited actions and strict regulations, strong rewards, be eliminated. Production line set on person, title, responsibilities, and performance and safety comprehensive assessment. Material procurement process strictly handling the3.

某校有A、B两个餐厅，甲、乙、丙三名学生各自随机选择其中的一个餐厅用餐．

(1)求甲、乙、丙三名学生在同一个餐厅用餐的概率；

(2)求甲、乙、丙三名学生中至少有一人在B餐厅用餐的概率．

4.一个密闭不透明的盒子里装有若干个白球,在不允许将球倒出来的情况下,为估计白球的个数,小刚向其中放了8个黑球,摇匀后随机摸出一个球记下颜色,再把它放回盒中,不断重复,共摸球400次,其中80次摸到黑球,请你帮助小刚估计一下盒中大约有多少个白球

? 5在一个不透明的布袋里装有

4 个标号为

1、2、3、4 的小球，它们的材质、形状、大小完全相同，小

凯从布袋里随机取出一个小球，记下数字为

x，小敏从剩下的

3 个小球中随机取出一个小球，记下

数字为

y，这样确定了点

P 的坐标（x，y）．

（1）请你运用画树状图或列表的方法，写出点

P 所有可能的坐标；

（2）求点

P（x，y）在函数

y=﹣x+5 图象上的概率．

6.(2011年重庆)甲、乙两人都想去买一本某种辞典，到书店后，发现书架上只有一本该辞典，于是两人都想把书让给对方先买，为此两人发生了“争执”．最后两人商定，用掷一枚各面分别标有数字1，2，3，4的正四面体骰子来决定谁先买。若甲赢，则乙买；若乙赢，则甲买。具体规则是：“每人各掷一次，若甲掷得的数字比乙大，则甲赢；若甲掷得的数字不比乙大，则乙赢”．

请你用“画树状图”的方法帮他们分析一下，这个规则对甲、乙双方是否公平？

7.(2013年江西省)甲、乙、丙3人聚会，每人带了一件从外盒包装上看完全相同的礼物（里面的东西只有颜色不同），将3件礼物放在一起，每人从中随机抽取一件．

（1）下列事件是必然事件的是（

）．

A．乙抽到一件礼物

B．乙恰好抽到自己带来的礼物

C．乙没有抽到自己带来的礼物

D．只有乙抽到自己带来的礼物

（2）甲、乙、丙3人抽到的都不是自己带来的礼物（记为事件A），请列出事件A的所有可能的结果，并求事件A的概率．

ollowing parts of ordinary bolt connection: wall-beams, purlins, knee. Design of drainage, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, power should be subject to safety requirements for steel structures of other professions, it is forbidden to weld hanging load and increased roof and columns. Construction prepared and the construction layout first section material prepared and the processing production prepared according to Zhejiang more Palace steel limited and Wuhan intelligent elevator limited by signed of contract file and the Institute provides of steel design blueprint, I company and the Organization Technology Department, production department, procurement Department, bid do Engineering Department, related production sector for drawings triage, and according to owners requirements timely design out production and the processing detail and for has related professional sector of strictly triage, specific work process following: Bid do bid notice → echnology Department → add up do → procurement department → production department → quality Department → Egineering Department Technology Department production and theprocessing detail proposed Hou, by add up do coordination the sector of supporting work, and by figure line by varieties, and specifications, and quality for classified, and notification Procurement Department for material of market survey and procurement, by quality Department according to by purchased material of specifications varieties for quality review and test, not qualified of material varieties and specifications strongly ban for the engineering in the, After passing inspection informed the workshop of production of timber according to strict production details of production, workshop organized by the General Manager before the production technology and security sector technical safety training, safety education company to strictly three-level disclosure, training of qualified personnel is strictly prohibited to post production, production personnel must be listed to work, you must have the corresponding certificate. Road workers must have the certificate, and regular assessments should be carried out, not a skilled operator posts is strictly prohibited. Production of various items of equipment, appliances and other, non-professional is strictly prohibited actions and strict regulations, strong rewards, be eliminated. Production line set on person, title, responsibilities, and performance and safety comprehensive assessment. Material procurement process strictly handling the教学设计说明：

1、根据中考专题复习课的特点，本节课采用题组式训练为主的教学方法，并引导发现和归纳概括相结合的教学方法，通过提出问题、思考问题、解决问题等教学过程，来激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的主体能动性，让每一个学生充分地参与到学习活动中来。

2、从教学目标开始就让学生领会中考数学考试要求，同时概括了中考概率试题热点与分析，有利于帮助学生树立必胜的信心。（注：教学目标为广安市中考数学考试说明中的概率部分）

3、设计全程都是狠抓双基，务求落实让课堂教学更加有效。（1）特别注重培养学生对概念的理解能力与理论水平的提高。（2）注重培养学生运用列表或画树状图的来解题的操作能力。（3）注重学生用概率去说理与为生活服务的意识与能力，即应用数学的渗透。

4、以题组训练为纽带进行有效训练，中考概率试题热点分析贯穿了整个教学过程：考查概念的理解→考查列举法的运用→考查概率说理→考查概率与频率的关系。让学生学起来更有规律性，减轻学生的记忆负担，学得更轻松。

5、学生在教师创设的问题情景中，通过观察、类比、思考、探究、概括、归纳和动手尝试相结合，体现了学生的主体地位，培养了学生由具体到抽象，由特殊到一般的数学思维能力，形成了实事求是的科学态度，增强了锲而不舍的求学精神。

6、自主探索、合作交流贯穿始终，这是有效学习的根基。课标指出“有效的数学学习活动不能单纯的依赖模仿与记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。”本节课中，从建构举例说时生活中的确定事件到应用概率相关知识为生活服务，再到知识的巩固拓展都是学生在自主探索、合作交流中完成。