Review of Units 7-8板书设计及设计说明

宾语从句专题

福建省漳浦达志中学

陈原泉

2019 06 13 一

教学目标：

1.

掌握宾语从句的构成与用法

2.

正确运用宾语从句：

（1）三类引导词

（2）从句语序

（3）主从句的时态呼应

（4）特殊情况

二

教学重点

语序和时态呼应

三

教学难点

引导词的使用和语序变化

四

教学用具

多媒体

五

教学过程

Step1 探究学习一：宾语从句的概念

分析下列句子，让学生划分这些句子成分，引导学生明确理解宾语从句的概念。

① I have a friend.

② Her mother bought it.

③They like reading the book.

④Jane wants to have a rest. 结论：

❶当宾语可以用一个单词或短语表达时，我们就直接把该单词或短语置于动词后面作宾语，宾语一般由名词、动名词、代词或动词不定式来充当。

但是，如果要表达“我知道你在看电视”，就无法用一个单词来表达“你在看电视”，是一个完整的句子，只能用句子表达，即：I know (that) you are watching TV.

❷宾语从句的概念：这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，就叫作宾语从句。

Step2 探究学习二：引导词

1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

2.由从属连词whether, if引导的宾语从句

3.由连接代词who, whose, which，what

连接副词

where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句，也可理解为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

Step3 探究学习三：分点讲解

1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

that 在句中没有词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，只是使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语，在口语当中往往省略。

一般情况下，当陈述句做宾语时用that引导。

eg.

1. I hear.（一小时后他会回来）

He will be back in an hour.

－→

I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2. He said.（他非常想念我们）

He missed us very much. －→

He said (that) he missed us very much.

3. I hope.(他们将会玩得开心）

They will have a good time.

－→

I hope (that) they will have a good time.

2.由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句

whether /if 本身作“是否”讲，如果我们要表达一个不确定的概念，就要用whether/if来引导一个从句。一般情况下，如果宾语是一般疑问句，就要换成由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。whether和if常常可以互换，但是，当从句后面有or not的话，就只能使用whether构成“whether…or not”的结构。

注：whether/if 后面的句子要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。

eg.

1. 他问我们周日是否去钓鱼。

在这句话中，“周日我们去钓鱼吗”是一个一般疑问句的含义，所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。

❶He asks. ❷Will we go fishing on Sunday? －→He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 2. 我不知道李明明天会不会来。

在这句话中，“李明明天来吗”是一般疑问句的含义，所以转换成宾语从句时用whether/if引导。

❶I don't know. ❷Will Li Ming come tomorrow? －→I don't know whether/if Li Ming will come tomorrow. Step4

Exercise 1.

Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.

(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Li Lei wants to know whether/if Peter came here yesterday.

2. Is Lingling a student? I don’t know.

I don’t know whether/if Lingling is a student. 3. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。

I don’t know whether/if it will rain tomorrow. 4. 李明问我周日是否去北京。

Li Ming asks whether/if I will go to Beijing on Sunday. 5. 老师问我们是否写完了作业。

Teacher asks whether/if we have finished our homework. Step5 探究学习四：特殊情况

只用whether, 不用if 的情况

1、在带to的不定式前

eg：We decided whether to walk there. 2、在介词的后面

eg：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 3、直接与or not连用时

eg: ❶.我不知道他是否会来。

I don’t know whether he will come or not.

❷. 玛丽问我是否在做作业。

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Step6 探究学习五：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

如果遇到什么时间、什么地点、什么方式、什么原因之类的问句时，我们就要使用相应的疑问词来连接从句。也就是说，当宾语是特殊疑问句时，就要用相应的疑问词来引导。在疑问词引导的从句中，一定要用陈述语序。

eg.

I didn’t hear.（主句）

What did he want

me to do? (疑问语序）

（从句：特殊疑问句）

－→

I didn’t hear what he wanted

me to do.

把一个特殊疑问句放在宾语从句中，我们要做好两步：

1. 移。就是把特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词移到句子中来；

2. 变。就是把特殊疑问词后面的一般疑问句变为陈述句语序。

e.g.

How can I get to the station? I don’t know. 首先，我们把主句找出来，即：I don’t know. 那么接下来是我不知道什么呢？后面就需要一个宾语从句，而后面的句子是以特殊疑问词How来引导，所以，

第一步疑问词移下来变为：I don’t know how…

第二步看剩下的部分can I get to the station? ：

是一个一般疑问句，要改成陈述句，即把主语放到前面：I can get to the station. 然后加到前面的句子上。那么这句话就变成了：

I don’t know how I can get to the station.

Step7 探究练习六：合成宾语从句

1. He asked. Who could answer the question？

－→

2. Can you tell me？Where is he ?

－→

3. Could you tell me？How can I

get to the station? －→

小组练习：

1. Where is Tony from?

I don’t know.

___________________________________________ 2. How old is Lingling? Miss Li wants to know.

__________________________________________ 3. When will my father come back? I can’t tell you.

___________________________________________ 4. Where is the bus stop? The foreigner asks.

______________________________________________ 5. Which is the right answer? Can you tell me?

________________________________________________ 6. Where does Tony come from? I can guess.

__________________________________________________ Step9 探究学习七：宾语从句中的时态

1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以使用所需要的任何时态。

eg.❶

We know.

Mr. Chen teaches English.

－→

We know (that) Mr. Chen teaches English.

❷

I don’t know.

Did he

finish his homework last night?

－→

I don’t know whether he

finished his homework last night.

2.

主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去的某种时态

eg.

❶He said.

He is reading a book now. －→

He is reading a book now.

❷He wasn’t sure.

Will Sally come ? －→He wasn’t sure whether Sally would come or not. 3. 当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

eg.

❶He told the boy.

The earth goes around the sun.

－→

He told the boy that the earth goes around the sun.

❷Wang Tao said.

Fujian lies in the east of China. －→

Wang Tao said Fujian lies in the east of China.

练一练

1. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me __________?

A. how fast are you

B. how fast you are

C. how tall are you

D. how tall you are 2. I don’t know _______ she comes or not.

A. if

B. whether

C. where

D. how 3. Can you tell me how ________ Radio Beijing?

A. get to

B. to get

C. I can get to

D. can I get to 4. David doesn’t know _____ for Guangzhou, because the boss hasn’t who to go.

A. when he will leave

B. when will he leave

C. if he leaves

D. if he will leave 5. Tom asked Mike ______. A. where did he live

B. where he lived

C. where does he live

1. She said,“

I can mend it.”

She said _____ _____ ______ mend it. 2. 我不知道他是否病了。I don’t know ________ _____ ___ ____. 3.

我问他这是什么。

I asked him ______ _____ ______. 4. 你能告诉我你来自哪里吗？

Can you tell me ______ ______ _____ ______. 5. 我不知道谁要来。I don’t know _____ _____ ______. 6.

Where did you buy your computer? Do you remember?

Do you remember _______ you ________ your computer? 7. She asks," Why did they do it?”

She wants to know _____ ______ _____it. 8. Does Mr Green like living in China? Could you tell me?

Could you tell me __________ Mr Green ______ living in China.

dicided