Vocabulary名师教学实录

小学六年级语法教案

许正宝

教学内容:语法教学

知识点

1. be动词过去式和规则动词过去式的应用

2.一般过去时的用法

3.一般过去时的句型转换

教学目标:使学生初步感知和理解一般过去时

教学过程:

1.导入过程:询问小朋友昨天做了什么,现在在做什么。

2.让学生认识到这两句话的区别:(1)我正在上课。I am having a leson.

(2)我昨天上课了。I had a lesson yesterday.

3.一般过去时的用法

(1)句中出现ago, yesterday, last night, in 1995, two days ago, last week等表示过去的时间状语,动词用过去式。例句:I did my homework last night.

(2)表示过去经常或反复的动作。常与always,often等连用。

例句:He always went to work by bus last year.

与一般现在时比较:He always goes to work by bus.(说明他现在常常坐车去工作) (3)过去的故事。例句:A little boy pointed at the king and laughed. (The king’s new clothes)

4.一般过去时的规则:一般过去时由动词的过去时表示,除be动词以外,其余动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化。Be动词第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was,其余用were. 动词过去式的构成分为规则动词和不规则动词两种。规则动词的变化按规则进行,不规则动词的变化则要逐一记忆。

Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

(1)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。如:I was busy this morning. He was busy this morning.

(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。如: We were in the classroom yesterday. They were tired last night.

【例题1】My father ill yesterday.

A.is B. are C. was D. were

【解析】主语是单数,可排除B和D选项,yesterday是过去时间,动词应用过去式,所以正确答案选C

【例题2】The twins here now.

A.are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was

【解析】前后两句主语都是复数,可排除C和D;前一句时态是过去,后一句时态是现在,所以正确答案是B

规则动词的过去式变化情况:

(1)一般情况,在动词的词尾直接加-ed, 如:help—helped ask—asked work—worked

(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加d, 如: live—lived use—used like—liked

(3)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母(辅音+元音+辅音),再加-ed, 如:stop—stopped fit—fitted beg—begged

（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再加ed, 如:study—studied carry—carried cry—cried

（5）特殊情况：不规则变化，is/am--was

are--were do--did get--got eat--ate cut--cut read--read 规则动词过去式的发音规律：

（1） 清辅音（/t/ 除外）后，加ed, ed发/t/, 如：worked finished

（2） 浊辅音（/d/ 除外）后，加ed, ed发/d/,如：called loved

（3） 元音后加ed, ed发/d/, 如：played tried

（4） 在重读/t/ /d/ 后ed 发/id/ 如：planted waited needed

【例题3】Jim (do) a lot yesterday. He (go) shopping and (cook) lunch.{用动词适当形式填空}

【解析】句中出现yesterday, 所以是过去时态，动词都应用过去式。 did/went/cooked, did和went 都是不规则变化。

5.一般过去时的句型转换

否定句：(1)was/were + not = wasn’t/weren’t (2)主语后did + not +动词原形 = didn’t + 动词原形

例句：There were not a lot of people in the street.

The king was not happy.

The king didn’t like old clothes

一般疑问句：（1）把was或were调到句首

（2）在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形

（3）回答中的动词也是过去式

例句：1. There were some apples on the table.-------were there any apples on the table.

2. Nancy brought many dumplings.-------Did Nancy bring many dumplings?---Yes, she did./No, she didn’t.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句

what did you do for the holiday?

Where did he go for the holiday?

How was your holiday?