Grammar教案1

Grammar: 动词－ing形式

Step 1: 复习ing分词的句法功能

1. 动词的-ing形式具有名词的功能，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语。例如：

Seeing is believing. I suggested asking his brother for some money. It’s useless crying over spilt milk. My job is teaching.

2. 动词的-ing形式具有形容词的功能，可在句子中做定语﹑表语和宾语补足语。例如：

China is a developing country. This food smells inviting. My favorite sport is swimming. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

I heard someone knocking at the door. Step 2: 引入ing分词作状语

3. 动词的-ing形式具有副词的功能，可以在句子中做状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。

1) .

时间状语

Still watching, Will saw the cat behave strangely. Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand, and the cat came up to him. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.

2). 结果状语

Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. 3). 伴随状语

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 4). 原因状语

Being sick, I stayed at home. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.

注: 分词与主句主语是主谓关系; 副词放在分词之前

5）作方式状语

But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

6) 作条件状语

Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you.

Taking the path that lead leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.

7) 作补充说明

The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= …and will arrive in Chicago.) The visitor expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. (= …and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.)

Step 3: ing分词的独立主格结构

4. 独立主格结构

现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指带逻辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中可以作时间状语﹑条件状语﹑原因状语﹑伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前边也可以加上with，其中现在分词仍然表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作。

1）The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his leg.

独立主格结构作状语，表示结果。

2) With his lips still trembling, he couldn’t say a word.

独立主格结构作状语，表示原因。

3) The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way.

独立主格结构作状语，表示伴随。

4) With the first ray of the rising sun coming, they set out from the farm.

独立主格结构作状语，表示时间。

Step 4: -ing各种变化形式(doing/having done) 1) 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。

Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment.

Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave.

Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 2) 动词－ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。

Having lived there for dozens of years, he knows the city well.

Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

3）动词－ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上式被动的。

I’d like to have a look at the animal being operated on.

在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，我们可以用现在分词的被动形式。

The bridge being built now will be completed in the three months.

This is one of the experiments being carried on in our lab.

在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作发生于谓语之前，我们可以用having been done 形式。也可以被过去分词代替。

Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

= shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

Step 5 跟踪练习

1. Complete the sentences from the passage with the words below. Putting

pushing

keeping

watching

1. Still _________, Will saw the cat behave strangely.

2. ________down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand. 3. He crossed the roads, _______his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished.

4. ________his shopping bag through, he climbed through the hole.

2．

Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 Leaping into the air,

2 Shouting angrily,

3 The boy walked through the silent streets,

4 Picking up the knife,

5 The bear came out of the buses,

(a) making a loud noise and showing its teeth. (b) the man waved his sword at the stranger.

(c) he boy looked at it carefully. (d) listening for the sound of human voices. (e) the witch vanished.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below

Put

look

see

turn

hold

1. The cat leapt back, ________ its tail high.

2. _______ out a paw, the cat patted the air in front of her.

3. _______ away, the cat went across the road.

4. _______ Will, the cat approached him.

5. The cat stopped, ______ at something invisible to Will.

Answers: holding Putting Turning Seeing

looking Complete the passage:

Last week I walked into our local bookshop, (1) hoping/trying

to find a copy of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials. All my friends (2) had read it and I wanted to know (3) why people liked it so much. I bought all three books and hurried out of the shop, pleased that I had found it (4) so easily. (5) Seeing/ Noticing a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6) for/as/ because it was quite a long walk home.

(7) Sitting/ Riding on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8) mine. We started talking and I (9) suddenly realised that we had arrived at my stop. (10) Jumping up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my stop!” I (11) got off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12) realizing/ discovering/ finding I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13) shouted, “Stop, please!” But it was(14) too late. The bus had gone away, (15) taking/ carrying my books with it.

Step 3 巩固练习

小测验

1.

Paul doesn't have to be made ___________. He always works hard. A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning [B] 2.

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen

[B] 3.

There are five pairs _________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen

B. to choose from

C. to choose

D. for choosing [B] 4. --Is Bob still performing? - I’m afraid not. He is said _________ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left

B. to leave C. to have been left

D. to be left [A] 5.

–

I heard you were invited to the President’s Party.

- Yes, I was surprised at how easy the President was _________. A. for talking

B. talking to C. to talk

D. to talk to [D] 6.

– Manager, do you have something __________ at this moment? - No, thanks. I’ll call you if any.

A. to be typed

B. to type C. typing

D. typed [A] 7.

– I usually go there by train. ---Why not __________ by boat for a change.

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

[D] 8.

The missing boys were last seen __________ near the river. A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play [A] 巩固练习：

9. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____________.

A. to spend

B. spent

C. being spent

D. spending

[B]

well spent是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰前面的money。spent 与money是被动关系。句意为：这些修理花很多钱，但值得花。

10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving [C] 句意为：所有这些礼物都必须立刻寄出，这样它们可以在圣诞节被及时收到。receive 与gift是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动形式。