Grammarppt配套的教学设计及说课稿

Grammar

Subjunctive (1) 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望，假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

1. 对现在的假设：表示现在实际上并不存在的情况。

从句形式为：

If +主语+动词过去式

主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形

e.g. If I were you, I would give up smoking.

要是我是你，我就戒烟。

If I had time, I would learn French.

要是我有时间的话，我会去学法语。

2.

对将来的假设：表示将来实现可能性非常小的情况。

从句形式为：If+主语+动词过去式，

或者If+主语+ should+动词原形或者If+主语+ were to+动词原形主句形式为：

主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形

e.g. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different

way. 要是让我来做这件事，我会以一种完全不同的方式来做的。

e.g. If it should snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight.

如果明天下雪，我们可以打雪仗。

e.g. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.

如果你错过今晚的电影，会感到遗憾的。

3.

对过去的假设：表示过去并不存在的现象。

从句形式为：

If+主语+过去完成时主句形式为：

主语+would/should/could/might+have done e.g. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床的话，就会赶上火车的。

e.g. If they had not studied hard, they would have failed in the exam. 假如他们学习不那么刻苦，就不会通过考试了。

e.g. If we had caught the first bus, we might have arrived now. 如果我们赶上了第一班汽车，我们现在有可能已经到达了。

注意：

1.在正式文体中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略，而将were, had, should等动词提前到主语前面。

e.g. Were she younger, she would do it. 她要是再年轻点，就会干的。

e.g. Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her.

如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

e.g. Should it happen, what would you do? 如果真发生这样的事，你怎么办呢？

2. 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态一致。

e.g. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

e.g. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

配套练习：

改正下列句子。

1. If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo.

If the weather was nice yesterday, we would go to the zoo. 2. He were you, he would go home at once.

Were he you/If he were you, …

3. I should have come here early, but I had been busy.

I should have come here early, but I was busy.

单项选择：

1. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

(2005, 湖北，33) A. would

B. could

C. had to

D. ought to

2. If Harry did not attend the conference last night, he _________ too much work to do. A. had to have had

B. had had C. must have had

D. must have

3. If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident, __________last month’s marathon race. A. she would have taken part in B. she would take part in C. she might take part in D. she must have taken part in 4. ________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were

B. Should C. Would

D. Will 5. If only he _______quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie 6. If you had _________your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.

A. looked up

B. thought about C. gone over

D. gone round 7. What would have happened___________, as far as the riverbank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 8. _______I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could

B. Should

C. Might

D. Must 9. If it were not for the fact that you _______ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were

B. had been

C. are

D. be 10. If only I _______ as young as you are! A. being

B. am

C. be

D. were 11. If only I ________my watch! A. hadn’t lost

B. haven’t lost

C. didn’t lose

D. don’t lose

Answers: BCABC

CCBCD

A