Grammar优秀教学设计

虚拟语气学案

一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

if条件句的虚拟：

假设类型

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

条件从句中的谓语动词形式

主句谓语动词形式

should/would/could/might + Should/would/could/might+ should/would/could/might+ If I were you, I would consider their advice. （与现在事实相反）

You wouldn’t have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.（与过去事实相反）

If I were to/should do it, I would do it in a different way.(与将来事实相反) 【注意】

如果if引导的虚拟条件中，条件句中有助动词should,had,were时，可以把should,had,were提前到句首，if 省略。

Should he come, tell him to ring me up. Had we made a detailed plan, we might have succeeded. Were I to see him tomorrow, I should tell him the news. 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法



wish，

后面接的宾语从句也用时态虚拟

假设类型

对现在的虚拟

对过去的虚拟

对将来的虚拟

宾语从句中的动词形式

I wish (that) he weren’t so lazy. I wish (that) he would be a doctor in the future. They wish (that) they hadn’t wasted so much time. would rather后边的句子宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词也用虚拟语气

假设类型

对现在的虚拟和对将来的虚拟

对过去的虚拟

宾语从句中的动词形式

I would rather you did your homework right away. Don’t come this afternoon, I would rather you came tomorrow. I wish I had attended the meeting last week. 有些表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的动词后面的宾语从句需用_______________________.这些动词有：坚持：insist 要求：ask

request require demand urge 建议：advise suggest propose recommend 命令：command order

打算、想要：intend 渴望：desire 宁愿：prefer We recommended that he (should) go to study in this university. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 注意：insist 和 suggest 有两种情况。insist如果作“坚持说”讲，时态正常使用，当“坚持认为”讲就用虚拟语气。而suggest当“建议”讲时，使用虚拟；当“暗示、表明”讲时时态正常使用。

口诀：一、坚持 insist 二、命令、order command direct 四、建议 advise suggest propose recommend

1 五、要求、ask demand request require urge 另外还有：desire prefer 三、虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中的用法



表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等意义的名词或从句做主语时，其表语从句或同位语从句的谓语动词用(should)虚拟语气. 这样的名词有：要求：demand，request，requirement, 建议：advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation 必要性：necessity 愿望：desire命令：order Our decision is that the school (should) remain closed. Their requirement is that every member (should) attend at least one meeting per year. The suggestion that he (should) put on a play at the party was not accepted.

主语从句的虚拟语气表示建议、命令、要求等其形式为：It is + 某些形容词、某些动词的过去分词+主语从句（谓语用（should）do 形式）

这样的形容词有：advisable 合理的

insistent 坚持的

preferable

较好的

necessary，important，essential（必要的），

urgent 紧迫的

desirable 理想的

等

It is necessary that he (should) be sent to the spot a once. It is important (essential)that an engineer (should) have a wide knowledge of science and technology.

这样的过去分词有：demanded，

requested ，required，desired，suggested，proposed

recommended，ordered，

It was suggested that the meeting (should) be postponed(推迟)till next Saturday. 四、虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的用法

as if或as though 引导的从句中的谓语动词形式及使用情况与wish后的宾语从句谓语动词的形式及使用情况相同。

She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 【注意】如果从句中描述的现象可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

It sounds as if it is raining. 五、特殊用法

含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

有时假设的情况不以条件句表现出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，常见的这类词或短语有：

without（要是) 没有

in case 万一；以防

but for

要不是

supposing

假如

for fear that

以免

otherwise

否则

or

否则

But for/Without his help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. ②

错综时间条件句

有时，条件句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. （从句指现在，主句指过去）

Had you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.（从句指过去。主句指现在）

③ if only

引导的条件状语从句（常用感叹形式），谓语动词常用时态虚拟表示强烈的不满、遗憾、或愿

虚拟语气学案

望等。翻译为“要是……就好了”与现在事实相反的用一般过去时；与过去事实相反的，用过去完成时；与现在或将来事实相反的，用“would/could +动词原形”。而only if引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气。

If only we had telephoned him in advance. Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room. ④

It is (about/high) time (that) +句子，“该是...的时候了”。此时句子中可有两种情况①_______②___________

It’s about time we should go to bed.(went to bed)

⑤hope, intend, mean, plan, want, wish的过去式以及

would like/love ，should like/love 与动词不定式的完成时连用，表示过去想做而未做的事, 或

与had done to do 形式相等。

I wanted to have attended the meeting.= I had wanted to attend the meeting.

He would like to have attended the party, but he was ill. ⑥情态动词表示事与愿违, 常意为“本来……但实际上……”

1) should（not）

have done =ought(not) to have done 本来（不）应该做……但实际上

He should /ought to have done the work himself. 2) might/could have done 本来可以/能够……但实际上……(无否定形式)

He could have told her, but he didn’t choose to. 3) needn’t have done 与didn’t need to do 的区别

前者主要表示某事已经做了，但后来觉得没必要做，因此常含有责备或遗憾之意；后者则不具体表明某事是否做了（即可能做了也可能没做，此时need为实意动词）

I got up early, but I needn’t have done so, because I had no work to do that morning.

I didn’t need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am.

4) would rather (not )have done 本来(不) 想做……

但实际上……

He would rather have attended the meeting, but I was ill.

2