Grammarppt配套的教学设计方案

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

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M5 Cloning

Grammar----Subjunctive Mood

★Learning aims：Grasp the uses of Subjunctive Mood ★Learning importance: Grasp the uses of Subjunctive Mood ★考点详解

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

1.

我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实的或想象的情景。

eg: ①If I were you, I would study hard.

2.

我们也可以用虚拟语气表述想像中发生在过去的事情。

eg: ②If I had studied hard in the past, I would have attended Peking University. 3. 我们用虚拟语气表述想像中将来的情景。

eg: ③If I had time tomorrow, I would visit Lishi-----a big city.

④If I were to have time tomorrow, I would visit Lishi -----a big city. ⑤If I should have time, I would visit Lishi-----a big city.

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

虚拟条件句

主句

例句

与现在事实相反If + 主语+ did 主语

+ should/ would 例

①

的假设

（be动词用were）

/could/ might do 与过去事实相反主语

+ should/ would If + 主语

+ had done 例

②

的假设

/could/ might have done ①

If + 主语

+ did 与将来事实可能主语

+ should/ would 例③④②

If + 主语

+ were to do 事实相反的假设

/could/ might do ⑤

③

If + 主语

+ should do

★使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1.

混合型虚拟条件句:当主句动作发生的时间和if 引导的条件状语句动作发生的时间不一致时，可以用混合型虚拟条件句，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

eg: (1) If you had listened to the talk about the UN yesterday, you would know the answer to the question now.

（过去）

（现在）

(2) If you _________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _________(be) better now. (3) If you ____________(study) hard before, you ______________(pass) the exam now. 2. If省略句：如果条件状语从句的谓语动词包含were、had、should等时，有时可省略if，将were、had、should等放在条件状语从句的的主语之前。

eg: (1) If I were at school again, I would study harder.

Were I at school again, I would study harder. 1

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

编号：002

(2) If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.

__________________, you would have caught the bus.

(3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

___________________________ , we would not go climbing.

(4) If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now.

____________________, I would go abroad now. 3.

含蓄条件虚拟语气

我们可以用otherwise、or和以with、without或but for开头的短语代替if从句来表示含蓄条件虚拟语气。

eg: (1) I’m too busy now, otherwise /or I would help you do the work.

I’m too busy now,

if l had time now, I would help you do the work. (2) With more money, I could help more people in need. If__________________, I could help more people in need. (3)Without water, there wouldn’t living creatures on the earth.

If_____________________, there wouldn’t living creatures on the earth. (4) But for the help from the UN, those women would not have been able to set up their shop.

If_______________________, those women would not have been able to set up their shop. 二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中

did （be用were）

（与现在事实相反）

①wish + 宾语从句的谓语动词用

had done

（与过去事实相反）

would /could /should /might do （与将来事实相反）

eg: (1) I wish that there ________(be) no wars in the world.

(2) I wish I _____________(meet) that film star yesterday.

(3) We wish Mr Smith _____________(attend) the meeting tomorrow.

(4) How I wish you ________________(not give) him my telephone number, but you did.  would rather + 宾语从句谓语动词用

did

（be用were）(与现在或将来事实相反)

had done

(与过去事实相反）

eg: (1) I would rather they ___________(leave) here right now.

(2) I would rather you _____________(not tell) me about it last week.

(3) I’d rather you _____________(come) next week.

2

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

编号：002

用于表示建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见动词有：demand、require、

insist、suggest、advise、propose、order等，从句中谓语动词用：should + do，should可以省略。

你能回忆起以前学过的那个口诀吗？

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ eg: (1) He suggested that we _____________(start) off early the next day.

(2) The situation required that everyone ____________(be) present.

(3) They insist that the boy ____________(go) with them.

(4) The doctor ordered that the patient ______________(send) to hospital without delay. 注意：(5) *The smile on his face suggested that he _____________(be) satisfied with our work.

(6) *The man insisted that he _______________(steal) the money.

三、虚拟语气用于主语从句中

It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/suggested that …(should do) It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ that …( should do) It is a pity/a shame + that…( should do) 等主语从句，从句中谓语动词用should + do, should可以省略。

④

虚拟语气用于句型

It is (about/ high) time + that 主语从句，从句中谓语动词用did 或should + do (should不能省略)。

eg: (1) It is (about) time that you

________________(go) to school.

(2) It is (high) time that the government _______________(take) effective

measures to protect the environment.

(3) It is suggested that the meeting ______________(put) off till next week.

(4) It is important that we (should) make good preparations for the ceremony. 四、虚拟语气用于表语和同位语从句中

在suggestion、proposal、advice、order、requirement、request、demand、idea等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用should + do, should可以省略。

eg: (1) We all agreed to his suggestion that we __________(go) to Dalian for sightseeing.

(2) The teacher gave the demand that we _____________(finish) the project within this week.

(3) My idea is that we ____________(think) it over before accepting it.

3

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

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五、虚拟语气用于as if / as though/ even if /even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中

did（be用were）

（与现在事实相反）

从句谓语动词用

had done

（与过去事实相反）

would do

（与将来事实相反）

eg: (1) He looks as if ________(be) an artist.

(2) She speaks English so fluently as if she ______________(study) English in American.

(3) Even if he _________(be), he could not solve the problem.

六、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中=I wish

（要是…..就好了，但愿…….）

did（be用were）

（与现在事实相反）

If only + 感叹句中谓语动词用

had done

（与过去事实相反）

eg: (1) If only I _______(be) a flying bird!

(2) If only I _____________(see) the film!

七、在含有If it were not for 或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。

If it were not for…，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might + do

If it had not been for…，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done eg: (1) If it were not for the rain, the crops _____________(die).

(2) If it had not been for the captain, the ship ________________(sink). 八、虚拟语气在表示祝愿的句子

May you

have a pleasant journey.= Wish you have a pleasant journey! =I hope you’ll have a pleasant journey! ★随堂练习

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would

B. had known, would have sent D. knew, would have sent

C. know, would send 2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.

A. had started, would be

B. started, might be D. will start, might have been C. had started, would have been

3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up

B. Should I know, would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up

D. Had I known; would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school. 4

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

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A. were not ill; wouldn’t be

B. had been ill; wouldn't have been D. hadn’t been ill; could be

C. had been ill; should have been

5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do

B. would do

C. would have done

D. were to do 6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been

B. must have told; were it D. should have told; should it be

C. should have told; had it been 7. Without your help, we________ so much.

A. won’ t achieve

C. don’t achieve

B. didn’t achieve

D. wouldn't have achieved 8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make

C. Were you lo take; shouldn’t have made

D. Have you taken; won’t have made

9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.

A. did

B. could have done

C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.

A. went

B. would go

C. had gone

D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.

A. could

B. should

C. would

D. were able to 12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.

A. could

B. must

C. should

D. might 13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.

A. is given

B. must give

C. should give

D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party?

A. will invite

B. have invited

15. I insisted that he ________ at once.

A. be gone

B. go

C. would go

D. might go

C. is invited

D. invite 16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all. A. hadn’t stolen

B. shouldn’t steal

5

C. doesn’t steal

D. steal

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

编号：002

17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.

A. had made

B. would make

C. makes

D. make 18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.

A. knew

B. knows

C. has known

D. won’t know

19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.

A. may hear

B. will hear

C. hear

D. have heard 20. They got up early in order that they ________ the first train.

A. caught

B. will catch

C. might catch

D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.

A. are

B. shall be

C. were

D. should be 22. That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday.

A. could buy

B. should buy

23. It is high time we ________ home.

A. will go

B. would go

24. I ' d rather that you ________ home.

A. went

B. have gone

C. will go

D. had gone

C. have gone

D. went

C. should have bought

D. bought 25. If only I _________ to the lecture!

A. listen

B. will listen

C. am listening

D. had listened 26. ---- If he_____, he ______ that food. hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

---- Luckily he was sent to the B. had been warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

C. would be warned; had not taken 27.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did

come

C. came

D. had come 28. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be 29. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given

B. might give

6

C. may have given D. may give 30. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

编号：002

the dinner table 20 years from now.

A. are not kept; will have to

C. do not keep; will have to

B. are not kept; have to

D. do not keep; have to 31. Mike's father, as well as

his mother, insisted that he ________ home.

A. stayed

B. could stay

C. has stayed

D. stay 32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all. A. had done

B. have done

C. did

D. so 33. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known

B. had she known

C. if she know

D. if she has known 34. If you had enough money, what ________ ?

A. will you buy

B. would you buy

C. would you have bought

D. will you have bought 35. If you ________ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A. didn't see

C. wouldn’t have seen

B. haven't seen

D. hadn’t seen

36. Our monitor requested that ________. A. all the class studied more carefully the problem

B. the problem was more carefully studied C. with great care the problem could be studied

D. all the class study the problem more carefully 37. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I ________. busy doing my homework.. A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be 38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.

A. had been

B. was

C. be

D. should be 39. It is important that we ________. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave 7

离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组

B6M5Grammar

编号：002

C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave

40. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I ______ him. A. had telephoned

B. would telephone

D. telephone

C. would have telephoned 41.【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they

always late. A. weren’t

B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be

D. wouldn’t have been

42.【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I

science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied

B. would study

C. had studied

D. was studying

43.【2011天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come

B. was coming

C. would come

D. would have come

44.【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen

C. should have stolen

B. might have stolen

D. must have stolen 45.【2011福建卷,34】——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ——I

it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended

C. would sttend

B. had attended

D. would have attended

46.【2011陕西卷,22】I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone

C. wouldn’t go

B. didn’t go

D. hadn’t gone

8