Grammar教案3

2018高考一轮语法专项复习

————形容词与副词导学案

Step I.考纲解读

根据考试大纲,考生要具备在特定语境中选择恰当的形容词、副词的能力,掌握它们的语法特点及语义差异。由此可见,形容词和副词在高考试题中占很重要的地位。高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下三点: (1)形容词的比较级和最高级; (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义; (3)倍数的表达法。

命题趋势：

①语篇型语法填空对形容词和副词考查的重点是词性转换，其次是比较等级的运用以及连接副词的使用。

②短文改错则以形容词和副词的混用、同根副词的混用为考查重点。

形容词和副词的概念及功能

概念

形容词(adj.)：说明人和事物特副词(adv.)：用来说明时间,地点,征，性质或状态的词。

程度,方式等概念的词。

eg. long, empty, cheap, hungry, eg. very, early, out, soon, etc. quickly, etc. 功能

用来修饰______或__________ 用来修饰________，______，

________或___________ Step II.形容词的基本用法

a. 形容词用法

完成下列题目并说出括号中的词汇在句中所作的成分。

1. I have something ______ (importance) to tell you that Justin is a _____(well) guy. 2. I can’t control my body well. My legs become ______(pain). (2014. 辽宁卷) 3. Learning made us _______(happiness). 4 .Tired and ______(sadness), he slept all day long. 5. As ______(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（2015. 辽宁）

小

结

词

类

形

容

词

adj

用

法

作____语

作____语

作_____语

作_____语

位

置

放在名词前，不定代词后

放在系动词之后

放在宾语之后，常与keep, make, get等词连用

用来说明主语的情况，主要表示原因，结果或方式

b. -ed与-ing结尾的形容词的用法：

1. With a _______(puzzle) look on my face; I pointed to myself and said, “Me?”

(2017.山西五校高三联考) 2. Although the couple are ______(delight) that they spent the money buying pet insurance, plenty of experts think it’s a waste of money. 3. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden.

(2017. 辽宁，短文改错) 4.

At dinner, we said to Mom, “Happy Mother’s Day”. She was grateful and moving.

(2016·四川，短文改错)

小结：________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ c.以-a开头和以-ly结尾的形容词

1. I don’t feel _______when I’m _________ (lone). 《stronger》歌词

2. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.

(改错) 小结：________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ Step III. 副词的基本用法

a.

形容词与副词的转换

1. Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain (瓷器) industry.

(2013.全国卷改错) 2. Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.

(2016. 新课标I )

3. Mom said, “How nice to see you again!”

Dad and I were terrible worried. (2015. 辽宁

改错) 4. But such a small thing couldn’t possible destroy a village.

(2013. 广东

改错) 5.

Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver should be ________(equal) respected.

小结：

情况

变化规则

例词

immediate—immediately 一般情况

wonderful—wonderfully 一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词

easy—easily

angry—angrily possible—possibly

comfortable—comfortably

true—truly 以ble或le结尾的形容词

以ue结尾的形容词

usual—usually 以l结尾的形容词

careful—carefully 以ll结尾的形容词

full—fully b.副词的辨析（两种形式的副词,意义不同）

与形容词形式相同

close接近(距离)

free免费地

deep深地

hard努力地

wide充分地，宽阔地

high高高地

late迟，晚

near邻近地

most最

形容词后加ly

closely______________

freely_______________

deeply ______________

hardly_______________

widely____________

highly ____________

lately______________

nearly____________

mostly____________

1. The plane was flying ________(high).

I think ______ (high) of your opinion.

2. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (2014.辽宁

改错) 3. I write to my mother every week, most on Sundays (改错). 4. When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famous writer of his day.

c.常用的连接副词

表转折

though(然而)，yet(否，疑），however（后常用逗号），otherwise, instead等. 表递进

besides，moreover, still 表结果

表让步

therefore, thus anyway，/anyhow 1. Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it ________.

(2014.江西，23）

2. Bicycling is good exercise; ________, it does not pollute the air. 3. They have also bought some gardening tools; beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.

（

2017. 辽宁

改错）

4. The dog may be a good companion for the old. Therefore，the need to take it for

walks may be a disadvantage (改错). 5.He knows it’s almost impossible to finish the task, but he wants to have a try

though . (改错）

Step IV. 形容词和副词的比较等级的变化

a.规则变化：

词

尾

变

化

单音节词在词尾加_______________以字母e接尾的词加______________ 以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应________________________________ 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变________________________________ 少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词可加________________________________________________________________ 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加________________________________ 不规则变化：

原级

tall hard hot thin dry early narrow clever difficult slowly

比较级

taller harder Hotter thinner drier earlier narrower cleverer或more clever more difficult more slowly

最高级

tallest hardest hottest thinnest driest earliest narrowest cleverest或most clever most difficult most slowly 原级

比较级

最高级

good

well bad

ill many

much little

far

old

1. This novel was once the ______ _______(wide) read book in high schools in

the United States (2014. 湖北78）. 2. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ______(many) in the coming years（2016. 浙江，18）. 3. I had the _________(mean) mother in the world (2017. 山西协作体,二模）. 4. They were also the best and worse years in my life（2016. 新课标III. 改错）

5. The dishes that I cooked were Mom’s favoritest (2016. 四川）. 6. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of________ (great) and less importance. (2016·全国Ⅱ，41) b. 比较级和最高级前的修饰语

1.

This is by far_______________ (inspiring) movie

that I have ever seen

(辽宁卷. 改编）. 2. A wise man came along and asked them, “Oh, my dear friends, why are you

crying?”“We were ten but now

we are only nine”they replied, and cried

even _______(hard)

(2017. 山西泰安一模）. 3. Christchurch is New Zealand’s second _______(large) city after Auckland. 4. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _______(good). 小结：________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ c.比较级和最高级的句型结构

1)as…as…

_____________,

_____________不与……一样

2)

too+原级(to do )____________

can’t /never be too +adj.+ to do无论…都不过分

3) 比较级＋than…

比……

4) the+比较级(of two )二者之中最…….

5) the +最高级＋of/in/among 6) the more…the more…_________________________ 7)比较级+and+比较级

___________________________

比较级表示最高级的结构

the other + 复数名词

1.比较级+than+ ｛

any other + 单数名词

any of the other +复数名词

2.比较级+ than + anything/ anyone else

She loves music better than anything else.

(= She loves music best.)

3. 比较级中用否定词no，

never，

nothing或否定句中表示最高级含义。

I have never seen a nicer picture. I couldn’t agree more.

Exercises; 1. The ______(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls

you!

(2014. 辽宁,68）

2. This is a most beautiful park. I had never seen a best one before （改错）. 3. -----Must I turn off the gas after cooking?

------Of course. You can never be so careful with that （改错）. Step V. 倍数句型的用法

1. This restaurant wasn't half as ______(good) as that other restaurant we

went to.

2. -----Can you describe a distinctive characteristic of this animal?

-----Its neck can extended _______(two) the length of its body. 小结：________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Step VI. Conclusion Step VII. Homework 在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of ________(wood) boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one if the boxes was ___________(extreme) heavy. It _________(sudden) occurred to one box the workers to open up the box. He was ________(astonish) at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of _________(wool) goods. He was ______ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding _______(silent) in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and ___________(comfort) trip, for he had been confined (关在) to the wooden box __________(secret) for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay

￡3,500 for the cost of the trip, which was ________ expensive than the normal price, which only cost ￡ 2,000.