Grammar课时教案

Period 4

Grammar

Studying Goals：

1．To help Ss learn how to use the subjunctive correctly．

2．To enable Ss tO learn two structures：If they had(not)been．．．，they would(not)have．．．；

If they had(not)done…，they would(not)have…

Teaching Procedures：

Step 1．Revision

Check the answers to Vocabulary exercises on P98 and give Ss some instruction．

Step 2．Grammar

Purpose：To enable Ss to use the subjunctive correctly．

1．Leading-in

(1)Ask Ss to read the sentences and answer some questions．

①If they had reached the beach，they would probably have been killed．

Q：Did they reach the beach? Were they killed?

Suggested answer：

No．they didn’t reach the beach．So they were not killed．

②If they hadn’t been on the boats，they would have survived．

Q：Were they on the boats? Did they survive?

Suggested Answer：

Yes，they were on the boats，but they didn’t survive．

③If their backpacks had been small，they would not have drowned．

Q：Were their backpacks small? Did they drown?

Suggested answer：

No，their backpacks were big．So they drowned．

④If the Germans had not been near the beach，the soldier would not have had any problems．

Q：Were the Germans near the beach? Did the soldiers have problems?

Suggested Answer：

Yes，the Germans were near the beach，and the soldiers did have problems．

(2)Guide Ss to draw a conclusion of them．Ask them the following question first．

Do these sentences describe something that really happened7

．

Suggested Answer：

No，they don’t．

The conclusion：

用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，条件从句用过去完成时(had done／been)；结果主句用would／could／might+have done

2．Practice

(1)Let Ss join the sentences together by using the above structure．

①a．Germany invaded Poland．

b．The British declared War．

⑦a．The soldiers reached the beach．

b．They were attacked by the Germans．

③a．The water was very deep．

b．It was impossible for the soldiers to walk to the beach．

④a．The invasion of Normandy was successful_

b．The war ended soon afterwards．

Suggested answers:

①If Germany hadn’t invaded Poland，the British wouldn’t have declared war．

②If the soldiers hadn’t reached the beach，they wouldn’t have been attacked bv the Germans．

③If the water hadn’t been SO deep，it would have been possible forthe soldiers to walk to the beach．

④If the invasion of Normandy hadn’t been successful，the way wouldn’t have ended s00n afterwards．

(2)Let Ss draw a conclusion of all the subjunctive we have learnt．

The Conclusion：

虚拟情

条件从句

况

结果主句

表示与现在事

would／could／实相反的

动词的过去式(be动might+动

情况

词一般用were)

词原形

表示将来不大动词的过去式(be动would／could／可能实现

词一般用

might+动

的事情

were)／were to／词原形

should+动词原形

表示与过去事

would／could／实相反的

动词的过去完成时might +

情况

(had done)

have done

3．Exercise

(1)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it____．

A．breaks

B．has broken

C．were broken D．had been broken

(2)I didn’t see your sister at the meeting．If she____，she would have met my brother．

A．has come

B．did come

C．CalTle D．had come

(3)一If he____，he____ that food．

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately．

A．was warned；would not take

B．had been warned；would not have taken

C．would be warned；had not taken

D．would have been warned；had not taken

(4)If there were no subjunctive，English_____much easier．

A．will be

B．would have been

C．could have been D．would be

(5)一Alice，why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I_____，but I had an unexpected visitor．

A．had

B．would

C．was going to D．did

(6)1 wish I_____you yesterday．

A．seen

B．did see

C．had seen D．weIle t0 see

(7)I didn’t see your uncle at the party．If he____，he would have said“hello”to me．

A．would come

B．had come

C．came D．did come

(8)You didn’t let me drive．If we____in turn，you____so tired．

A．drove；didn’t get

B．drove：wouldn’t get

C．were driving；wouldn’t get D．had driven；wouldn’t have got

(9) Mr Smith was badly ill，or he___our dinner party．

A．should come to

B．would have attended

C．

would come to D．

should have attended

(10)She suggested we____here at once

A．1eave

B．1eaving

C．were leaving D．had left

(11)The guard at the gate insisted that everybody____the rules．

A．obeys

B．obey

C．will obey D．would obey

(12)Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I____your advice．

A．follow

B．had followed

C．would follow D．have followed

(13)一Do you mind if I open the window?

一_____I feel a bit cold．

A．Of course not．

B．I’d rather you didn’t．

C．Go ahead．D．Why not?

(14)____it____for your help，I couldn’t have made any progress．

A．Had：not been

B．Should；not be

C．Did；not be D．Not；be

Suggested answers:

(1)-(5)CDBDC

(6)-(10)CBDBA

(11)-(14)BBBA

其中第10题，suggest表示建议的时候，其用法为：suggest doing sth／that sb(should)do sth

类似的词有：advise，demand，require，insist，order。

第12题，if only意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”。它所引起的句子一般也要用虚拟语气。

第13题，在口语中，would rather后面从句中的谓语动词常用过去式来表示一种委婉的拒绝。在would rather后面的从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示现在的愿望，用“had+过去分词”表示过去的愿望。

第14题，条件句中如有were，had，should，could时，可以省略if，但句子要部分倒装。

Step 3．Homework

1．Finish the Grammar exercises in the Workbook．

2．Preview Reading and Writing，Cultural Corner in this module．