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Module4Book6 Grammer Revision of Passive Voice and By+v-ing Step I ...Grammer 1 Passive Voice Have a look Are you familiar with these sentences? They are all from Module 4. 1.Rice is grown in many other Asian countries. 2. Researchers were brought in from all over China. 3. The research was supported by the government. 4. In Pakistan rice will be grown in many parts of the country. 5. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China. 6. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “the student who asks questions”. Exercise Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1.All of us like her. --She is liked by all of us. 2. We are discussing the question. --The question is being discussed. 3. We have put off the meeting. --The meeting has been put off. 4. I will develop my picture next week. --My picture will be developed next week. Summary 被动语态

英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用by引出。

1. 被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+v-ed”构成。助动词be随人称、数和时态的不同而变化。

时态

被动语态的构成形式

一般现在时

am/is/are done 一般过去时

was/were done 一般将来时

will/shall be done 过去将来时

would/should be done 现在进行时

am/is/are being done 过去进行时

was/were being done 现在完成时

have/has been done 过去完成时

had been done 将来完成时

will/shall have been done 2. 被动语态的使用场合

Many houses will be built here. a. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。

The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant. b. 强调动作的承受者。

2. 被动语态的使用场合

The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English. c. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。

You are requested to attend the meeting. d.出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。

3. 主动语态变成被动语态的步骤

1)找出谓语动词及谓语动词后的宾语

2) 把主动句的宾语用作被动句的主语

3) 把主动句的谓语动词改成“be+v-ed”的形式，作被动句的谓语

4) 把主动句的主语放在介词by后（常常被省略）

Point out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences: We kept food in the fridge. Food was kept (by us) in the fridge. We must close the windows and the door. The windows and the door must be closed. Attention 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。

2. “get+v-ed”除表示状态外，也可表示被动语态。如：

How did the window get broken? 这窗子是怎么打破的? 3. It +被动语态+ that从句，译为“据……”。如：

It is said that drinking much pure water is good for health. 据说多喝纯净水有益健康。

Step II ...Grammar 2 by+-v-ing Have a look Are you familiar with these sentences?They are all from Module 4. 1. He thought there was only one way to do this - by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. 2. You can get a good job by studying hard. 3. The government is improving its work by addressing people’s concerns. 4. We are pushing on with the teaching reform by holding talks and discussions. Exercise 1. Her uncle managed to support such a large family by _______ newspapers. A. selling B. sale C. sold D. sells 2. Caroline earns extra money _______ babysitting. A. of B. as C. by D. with by+v-ing 形式

1. by+v-ing意为“通过……，靠……，凭……”，可用来表方法、方式、手段等。

You can get in touch with her by sending an e-mail. What do you mean by saying that? Switch it on by pressing the button.

2. by表示方式时也可以接名词作宾语，但该名词前通常不用冠词。

Jim was bitten by a dog. They will travel by air/ boat/ train. The first two classes are followed by a break of 20 minutes. Rewrite the sentences be changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by+v-ing. 1. Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China. He discovered a new type of rice. 2. Researchers learn things when they carry out experiments. 3. They change the design and so they built a better engine. 4. You will become a better pianist if you practise often. 5. If we plan for the future we can be happy in the present. Step III...实战高考

1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010 福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 2. All visitors to this village _______ with kindness. (2011 四川) A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 3. In the last few years thousands of films ______ all over the world. (2011 天津) A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 4. The letters for the boss _____ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.（2012天津） A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 5. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house____.（2012四川）

A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 6. After school we went to the reading- room to do some reading, only to be told that it _______. （2012安徽）

A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 7. — So what is the procedure? — All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. （2013北京）

A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 8. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. （2013湖南）

A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done 9. We are confident that the environment______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution. (2013辽宁) A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved

10. The famous musician, as well as his students, _______ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. （2013福建）

A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 11. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________. （2014天津）

A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 12. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close. （2014大纲卷）

A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 13.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.（2015安徽）

A. will be building B. will be buil C. has been building D. has been built 14. More expressways _______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.（2015四川）

A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 15. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement____ so far by the two sides.（2015天津）

A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach

D. will have reached Step IV...Homework Finish the exercises in Learning English.