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[语法初识]

原句感知

自主探究

①In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you 1.①②句中的need为实义动词，③④句中的don't need to (不必)．

need为情态动词；

②My American friend Tom spoke good Chinese, so I didn't need to translate (没必要翻译) the speech for him. ③Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't (不必)if you don't want to. ④I was the first to go there. I needn't have gone (本不必去) there so early. [语法剖析]

2.②句中

didn't need to do表示“过去没必要，实际上也没做某事”；④句中

needn't have done表示“过去虽然没必要，但已经做了某事”。

语法点一

1．用作实义动词

need的用法

(1) 有人称和数的变化，其第三人称单数形式为needs，变为否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do/does/did。

(2)后跟名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语，当need的主语与need后面的动词之间是被动关系时，need后面接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式。

You don't need to worry about me. 你不必担心我。

The room needs cleaning/to be cleaned, but I only have time on Sunday. 房间需要打扫，但是我只有星期天有空。

2．用作情态动词

(1)need表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。

You needn't do it again. 你不必再做了。

Need he do his homework first? 他需要先做作业吗？

(2)由must引起的一般疑问句中，否定答语可用needn't, 意为“没必要”。

—Must I do the work now? —No, you needn't. ——我现在必须做这项工作吗？

——不，你不必。

(3)在need引起的一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。

—Need I go there too? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我也需要去那儿吗？

——是的，你必须去。/不，你不必去。

集中演练1 1－1.单句改错

①—I'm sorry I will be very busy tomorrow. —If so, you didn't need to come.didn't need to→needn't ②As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repair.repair→repairing/to be repaired ③—Must I hand in the paper before Friday? —No, you mustn't.mustn't→needn't ④I couldn't use a clock to wake me up every morning because I am always woken up by my mother. couldn't→needn't 1－2.完成句子

⑤Dr. Smith needed (需要) no payment for his work. ⑥We need to (需要) make sure our plan will be well carried out. ⑦—Must I answer the question? —No, you needn't (不必)．

⑧You don't need to (不需要) have the bike repaired right away. ⑨The flowers need watering/to be watered (需要浇水) now. ⑩Come on, you needn't worry about (不必担心) it because it's not your fault.

语法点二

didn't need to do与needn't have done的区别

1.didn't need to do表示“过去没必要做某事，实际上也没做”。

You didn't need to buy the book; it was complex to understand. 你不必买那本书；它太复杂了，很难懂。

Mary's boyfriend drove to pick her up, so she didn't need to take a taxi. 玛丽的男朋友开车去接她，因此她没必要打出租车了。

2．needn't have done表示“过去没必要做某事，而实际上做了”。

You needn't have washed those clothes; we have a washing machine to do that sort of thing. 你本不必洗那些衣服的，我们有台洗衣机可以洗衣服。

I needn't have cooked so much food, but I didn't know nobody was hungry. 我本没必要弄那么多吃的，但我当时不知道谁也不饿。

[名师点津]

didn't need to do sth.仅仅陈述过去的情形；needn't have done sth.含有惋惜、遗憾、后

悔等含义。

集中演练2 2－1.单句改错

①I got up early this morning, but I didn't need to do so, because I had no classes. didn't need to do→needn't have done ②I'll look after him tonight, so you needn't have come to the hospital.去掉have ③We had already booked a table in the restaurant, so we don't need to wait in line.don't→didn't ④I got to the meeting room at 10：00 am, but there was no one there, so I couldn't have arrived so early.couldn't→needn't ⑤I bought some apples but later I found there had been many in the fridge, so I needn't buy any.buy→have bought 2－2.完成句子

⑥My friend sent me the book, so I didn't need to (没必要) write to him to ask for it. ⑦I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done (本没有必要做) so because it was very hot. ⑧I needn't have written (本不必写信) to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. ⑨I didn't need to get up (不必起床) early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 10：00 am.

[链接高考] 完成句子

1．(2015·天津高考)来新学校前我本没有必要担心的，因为这里的同学都对我很友好。

I needn't have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 2．(2014·重庆高考)我已经订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家疲惫时就不必担心做饭的事了。

I've ordered some pizza, so we needn't worry about cooking when we get home tired. 3．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)我不需要用闹钟来叫醒我，因为每天早晨六点钟，火车就从我家附近经过。

I needn't use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. 4．(2012·江西高考)既然苏西不和我们一起吃饭，我们没必要买如此多的食物。

We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner. 5．(2012·天津高考)这儿相当暖和；我们没必要开暖气。

It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet.

[针对演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I watered the flowers this morning, but it rained at 9：00 am, so I needn't have watered (not water) them. 2．Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care (not care) about the rich. 3．—Helen has gone to New York. —Well, she needn't have left (not leave) her hometown for New York, because there are plenty of jobs

available. 4．We were told that the flight had been put off when we arrived at the airport, so we needn't have arrived (not arrive)here so early. 5．I was a little nervous when I announced my engagement to Grace, but it turned out that I needn't have worried (not worry).

6．lend) money to him. 7．The classes were cancelled due to the terrible typhoon, so the students didn't need to go (not go) to school. 8．Mrs White's son had the grass cut, so she didn't need to do (not do) it. 9．You didn't need to go (not go) to the bank after I lent you some money. 10．—I told the good news to Mrs. Brown. —You needn't have told (not tell) her, because she has already known it from the school office. Ⅱ.完成句子

1．你本来没必要那么匆匆地赶到公司，因为会议已经取消了。

You needn't have gone to the company in a hurry, because the meeting has been called off. 2．父亲把文件寄来了，所以我不必为此给他写信了。

Father sent me the document, so I didn't need to write to him for it. 3．小汤姆才半米高，因此他不需要票。

doesn't need/needn't a ticket. 4．昨晚下雨了，这些花不需要浇了，因此他没必要浇花了。

It rained last night and the flowers don't require to be watered, so he doesn't need to water the flowers. 5．我不必担心我的周末，我总是在周末来临前就计划好了。

I needn't worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes. Ⅲ.短文改错

Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. Hard work have made him very ill.“He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.”That is which other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I step into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looked at some of the pictures we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him. 答案：第二句：with→on 第三句：去掉so 第四句：have→has 第五句：healthy→health 第六句：which→what 第七句：visit前加a 第八句：her→his 第十句：step→stepped 第十一句：looked→looking didn't need to lend (not 第十二句：many→much