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U2 重点词汇讲解

1. injure

比较wound, injure 和

hurt

wound和injure均可指对身体的伤害。

但wound侧重利器或子弹对肉体的伤害，是故意的行为，常与战争有关；

而injure强调人在意外事故中受伤，如机器造成的或运动中受伤。

hurt既可以是重伤，也可以是轻伤。同时也可以是伤害感情。

1) She was _____ because she was not invited to the party.

(hurt) 2) He couldn’t come

to work because he was knocked down by a bike and _____ his feet. (injured) 3) In that battle two of our soldiers were killed and five were ________. (wounded)

2. apart

adj/ adv.

(1) 相距

The two buildings are 100 meters apart. (2) 成碎片

The cup fell apart in my hand. (3) 分开，分离

You never see them apart these days. apart from

远离；除……外；

1) Apart from a house in Nanjing, they also have one in Beijing. (=besides) 2) Apart from a few words, I don’t know any French at all.

(=Except for)

3. junior (年少的，初级的）

junior middle school

初中

1) He is junior to me. 他的职位比我低。

2) He is three years my junior. 他比我小3岁

4. in difficult times

times

时代；时势

in ancient times _______________________

in the times of Henry III _____________________________ the actors of the times _______________________________ Times ______ (have) changed.

5. dedicate

(1) dedicate sth. to (doing) sth.

1) Andy wants to dedicate more time to his hobbies.

安迪想把更多的时间花在自己的爱好上。

2) This woman has dedicated her whole life to helping others.

这个女士一生致力于帮助别人。

(2) dedicate oneself to sth.把自己献身于……

3) He dedicated himself to academic work.

他献身于学术工作。

(3) dedicate sth. to sb.

题词把……献给某人

4) Lynne has dedicated the novel to her friend Norma.

琳恩把小说献给了她的朋友诺玛

6. cost

1) 花费某人……(钱/时间/精力/劳动) The book cost me 5 yuan.

这本书花了我5块钱。

2) 使某人付出……代价

His carelessness cost him his life.

他的粗心让他失去了生命。

常用搭配：

1）cost sth. to do sth. How much does it cost to hire a bike? 租一辆车多少钱？

2）cost sb. dearly: cause a serious loss We made two mistakes that cost us dearly. 我们犯了两个错误，付出了巨大的代价。

3）at the cost of …

以……为代价

He saved the boy from the fire at the cost of his life. 他以生命为代价，从大火中救出了那个男孩。

7. be rushed to somewhere.

rush sb. to/ into/ off … : to take or send someone or something somewhere in a hurry.

急忙送……到……

eg. Frank was rushed to hospital with violent stomach pains.

弗兰克因为剧烈的胃痛被送到了医院。

rush sb. into (doing) sth.: 催促(某人)；

使……赶紧

eg. You can’t rush someone into marrying you.

你不能催别人和你结婚。

rush into sth.: 仓促做；急忙做

eg. Try not to rush into a decision you may later regret. 最好别仓促作出决定，否则你以后会后悔的。

8. in good spirits

lift/ raise sb.’s spirits

振作精神

1)

The bad weather did nothing to lift her spirits.

恶劣的天气不能使她打起精神。

in high/good spirits 心情好

2)

Dad’s in high spirits today, isn’t he?

爸爸今天的心情很好，不是吗？

in low spirits 不高兴的

keep up one’s spirits

提起精神

the spirit of the law 法律的真谛

that’s the spirit

那样才对，那才算好样的

9. overcome

v.

overcame

overcome

1) 克服

Jimmy overcame his difficulties to graduate with a first-class degree. 吉米克服了困难，以优异的成绩毕业了。

2) 使垮掉，使昏迷

Two men died when they were overcome by smokes from the fire. 两个男人在火灾中因为浓烟去世了。

3) vi./vt.

战胜，制服

(to defeat someone or something)

Government troops have finally overcome rebel forces in the north.

政府军终于战胜了北方叛军

10. accomplish v.

e.g. He didn’t accomplish much at work this week.

他这星期没有完成很多工作。

accomplishment

n. : achievement e.g. Arranging the peace talks was a remarkable accomplishment.

安排和谈是一个了不起的成就。

accomplished adj.

熟练的，

有才艺的

e.g. one of Scotland’s most accomplished pianists

11. adapt to …

1) vi.

适应，适合

Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life. 大多数学生在适应大学生活时觉得困难。

2) vt.

使适应，使适合

Course can be adapted to suit the needs of the individual. 课程可以根据个人需求改变。

3) vt.

改编，改写

adapt sth. from sth. The film is adapted from a Michael Crichton’s novel.

这部电影改编自迈克尔克莱顿的小说。

12. advocate

vt.

1.

提倡, 主张

2. 拥护；鼓吹；为……辩护

They are advocates of free trade.

他们是自由贸易的倡导者。

He advocates reforming the education system.

他主张改良教育制度。

n.

1.

提倡者, 拥护者

2.

辩护律师, 辩护人

an advocate of …

13.

He thinks that I need to arrange to spend even more time working on my basket skills. arrange vt. 1)

arrange sth.

arrange a ceasefire

安排一次停火

2)

arrange for sth. arrange for a private meeting

安排一次私人会面

3)

arrange for sb. to do sth.

Peter arranged for a friend to drive him there. 彼得安排朋友开车送他去那儿。

4)

arrangement n. make arrangements for 为……作安排

14.

It feels like allocating time for each is just not practical. 看上去为每件事安排时间是不实际的。

1）allocate vt. 分配，配给

The results will depend on how each department allocates its resources. 结果将取决于每个部门如何分配其资源。

2）allocate sth. for sth.

One million dollars has been allocated for disaster relief. 已拨款100万美元用于救灾。

3）allocate sth to sb. 把……分配给……

4）allocation n. 分配，配给量

15.

… because humans will have learned to fix many of the problems that …

fix

vt. 1）使固定，放在固定位置

He fixed the picture on the wall.

他把画固定在墙上。

The chair was fixed next to the door. 椅子被固定在门的旁边。

2）确定，决定

We’ve fixed the date for wedding.

我们以确定了结婚日期。

3）安排，解决

If you want to meet them, I can fix it.

如果你想见他们，我可以安排。

Everything had been fixed in advance.

每件事都已经提前安排好了。

16.

Technology will guarantee good health and …

guarantee vt. 保证

1）

跟名词

Buying a train ticket doesn’t guarantee you a seat. 买火车票不能确保你有座位。

2）

跟从句

I can guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.

我能保证你会对结果满意的。

3）

跟不定式

We guarantee to be here on time tomorrow.

我保证明天准时来这里。

n. 保证;保修单(可数) I give my guarantee that he will be here tomorrow. 我向你保证他明天会来这里。

With my new watch was a guarantee that it will keep good time. 我的新手表保证会准时。

17. … enjoying each other’s company …

company

cn.

公司

un.

陪伴,交往

eg:

to form a new company We will be glad with your company. 常用搭配：

in company (with) (和……) 一道

1)

He came in company with a group of boys. 他和一群男孩子一起来的。

keep company

(with) 和……要好, 伴随

2) Never keep company with dishonest persons.

永远不要和不诚实的人为伴。

3)

I’ll keep company with you as far as London Bridge.

我会和你一起去伦敦桥。

accompany

vt.

On the first day of the new term, his father accompanied him to school. 在新学期的第一天，他爸爸陪他去学校。

n. companion同伴，伴侣

a close companion

同步练习：

一、单词拼写

1. Doctors and medical supplies were __________ (紧急送往) to the scene of the accident. 2. She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with a______________. 3. What I have achieved in the past few months i____________ me with confidence. 4. We should never play tricks on the people who are d_____________. 5. To my d_______________, my father didn’t buy me any present on my birthday for he had completely forgot it.

6. Her local doctor couldn’t tell what was wrong, so he sent her to see a s______________. 7. The driver of the car received serious I___________ to the legs and arms in the accident. 8. After ten years of hard work, he has a________________ a great deal in his work. 9. We should learn to stay o__________ no matter what difficulty we may have in our lives. 10. The earthquake happened last night destroyed everything in the village and left all the villagers h______________. 11. He is j_____________ to me in the company, though he is older than me. 12. He is always e______________ and it seems that he will never feel tired. 13. The agency offers practical g_______________ to people starting their own business.

14. You shall not take in such a lovely and i______________ child. 15. Try your best to give a v____________ description of what you have seen in the picture. 16. He's __________________ (无法忍受的) when he is in a bad temper. 17. When we moved to France, the children a____________ to the change very well. 18. The bad harvests led to s______________ food shortages. 19. If you're going out for a walk, I'll come along and keep you c______________. 20. I was i_____________ to work harder by her example. 21. He suffered several serious i

in the traffic accident and died soon.

22. On seeing her h

tears, I decided to help her as best I could.

23. In that school i

thinking is especially encouraged among the students.

24. Many people died during the war because of cold and h

.

25. We have had both p

and negative lessons in history.

26. They are very

（乐观的）

about the future of their company.

27. You are not alone in your fight for freedom. Our

(同情)are always with you. 28. The famous temple has been

__

（重建）

twice in the last few years.

29. What you explained made me feel more

__

(混淆的) about the principle.

30. I don’t like driving. I do it

__

(简单地) to get some exercise.

二、选用所给词或短语的正确形式填空

apart from

cheer … up

in good spirits

devote … to

across the world adapt to

focus on

in case

struggle against/with

mean ahead of

instead of

be tired of

adapt (sb.) to

devote oneself to due to

cost sb. sth

encourage sb. to do

as long as

be amazed by

1. I’m afraid he can’t ____________ the idea of having a woman as his boss. 2. He is so kind a person that he ___________ his life _______ helping blind people. 3. Their letters of support made me ________________ all day long. 4. The traditional culture & beautiful views of China have attracted people ___________. 5. Sometimes failing to catch a valuable chance ________ losing it forever. 6. You should make a note of what the teacher said in class carefully _________ that you may forget them after class. 7. It’s very important to have such a friend who will ______ you______ when you are in a bad mood. 8. We should show sympathy and donate something to those who ____________ poverty in those poor places. 9. Today we are going to ___________ the question of homeless people. 10. We should be concerned with those students who live __________ their parents. 11. I don't think we should ________ any more time ______ this question. 12. The time in London is five hours __________ the time in New York. 13. You can go out, __________ you promise to be back before 11 o'clock. 14. I __________ his calmness when he heard the terrible news. 15. You should _______ her in her attempts _____ become a doctor, instead of being so negative about it. 16. When you go to a new country, you must _____ yourself ____ new manners and customs. 17. His success is entirely ________ his hard work. 18. I ______________ watching television; let's go for a walk. 19. The big mistake he made yesterday nearly ______him his job. 20. You should be working ___________ lying there in bed. 三、单项选择

1. She has been practising _______ the same tune on the piano for nearly an hour. A. play

B. playing

C. to play

D. be playing

2. With the development of economy, China can compete _____ other countries_____ trade. A. against; in

B. with; for

C. against; for

D. in; for

3. The illness kept her ___________ work for six weeks. A. away from

B. be away from

C. to be away from D. being away from

4. The whole world __________ at the accident of 911 happened in America. A. was astonished

B. were astonished

C. was astonishing

D. were astonishing 5. In ancient ________, women stayed at home while men went out to labour for the family. A. time

B. times

C. day

D. days 6. The boy's bad behaviour _______ his mother many sleepless nights. A. cost

B. made

C. cause

D. bring 7. The news that he has won the first prize makes his parents _________ him. A. proud of

B. proud in

C. be proud of

D. be proud in 8. One of my close friends made great progress in her studies so her teachers ___________ her, and I ___________ her. A. were happy with; was happy with

B. were happy for; was happy for C. were happy with; was happy for

D. were happy for; was happy with 9. Why is Tom silent? Why doesn't he ______ us _____ the conversation? A. join in; for

B. join; for

C. join; in

D. attend; in 10. The terrible accident __________ his careless driving. A. due to

B. result in

C. was due to

D. result from 11. Reading extensively can satisfy _______ desire for _______ knowledge.

A. the; 不填

B. 不填; 不填

C. a; the

D. 不填; the

12. You can’t imagine the effect_____computer games_____on the children.

A. which, make

B. that, have

C. /, get

D. where, give 13. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun _____ itself behind the mountain.

A.started; had already hidden

B.had started; had already hidden C.had started; was hiding

D.was starting; hid 14. Whom would you like to ______ the lights as soon as possible on the wall?

A. have fixed

B. have fix

C. get fixed

D. get fix 15. — Is this the bank _____ offered you a job _____ you stayed the first time you arrived? — Yes, it is.

A. the one; in which

B. the one that; during which

C. where; that

D. which; where 16.— I think we have met the word before．

— Yes. It is in the reading material _____ we _____ reading yesterday．

A. that; did

B. that; were C. when; were

D. when; did 17. — Speak less of your role in the game, and more of ______ your teammates have done. I will.

A. what

B. which

C. why

D. that 18. Many attempts _______ to stop pollution ______ happily.

A. have made; from living

B. have been made; to live

C. have tried; living

D. have been tried; from living 19. _______, I think, and the problem can be solved.

A. If you double your efforts

B. So long as you keep up your spirits

C. A bit more efforts

D. Making great efforts 20. When you go to a foreign country, you must ____ yourself to new manners and customs.

A. adopt

B. add

C. make

D. adapt

21. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.

A. have reached B. reaching

C. to reach

D. to be reaching 22. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won't keep good health.

A. unless

B. whenever

C. although

D. if （状语）

23. Blamed for breaking my promise, I felt my face ____ red, and _____ my head in shame. A. to grow; hanged

B. to be growing; hanged

C. grow; hung

D grown; hung 24. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well . He

have gone far—his coat’s still here.

A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t

25. If you feel tired all the time, that is _____ you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.

A. why

B. when

C. how

D. what

26. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the

world.

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make 27. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music.

A. making herself hear

B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard 28. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

—

Oh, that’s ______.

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited 29. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. to be waiting 30. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more

people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which 31. If you think that treating a woman well means always______ her permission for things,

think again.

A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 32. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?

A.you expect she has got

B.you expect has she got

C.do you expect she has got

D.do you expect has she got 33. According to the art dealer, the painting ______ to go for at least a million dollars.

A. is expected

B. expects

C. expected

D. is expecting 34. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.

A. expected

B. to expect

C. to be expecting

D. expects 35. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s __________ I have to wait.

A.in case

B.so that

C.in order

D.as if

36. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen?

A. in case

B. even if

C. unless

D. when 37. We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we ran out.

A. too much

B. a number of

C. plenty of

D. a good many 38. I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.

A. a bit less

B. any less

C. much more

D. a little more 39. —Is Jack on duty today?

—It ______ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.

A. mustn’t

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. needn’t

40. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. A.should put

B.could have put C.might put

D.must have put

四、情景填空

（用本单元所学过的单词或词组的适当形式填空，使文章通顺）

Since the beginning of the term, teachers in my school ______________ to the new teaching surroundings to __________ their teaching task. They __________ most of the time to their teaching and to the students as well. Mr Zhang is one of them.One day a student

got seriously _______________ when playing football. The student _______________ hospital by Mr Zhang as quickly as possible. It ______________ Mr zhang the whole night to ___________ the student in the ward. He sat beside him the whole night __ _____ he was needed. How lucky we are to stay with so many _______________ teachers.

Key:

一、单词填空

1. rushed

2. admiration

3. inspires

4. disable

5. disappointment 6. specialist

7. injuries

8. accomplished

9. optimistic

10. hopeless 11. junior

12. energetic

13. guidance

14. innocent

15. vivid 16. unbearable 17. adapted

18. severe

19. company 20. inspired 21. injuries

22. hopeless

23.indepen-dent

24. hunger

25. positive

26. optimistic 27. sympathies

28. rebuilt

29. confused

30. simply 二、选用所给词或短语的正确形式填空

1. adapt to

2. devotes … to

3. in good spirits

4. across the world 5. means

6. in case

7. cheer … up

8. are struggling against/with 9. focus on

10. apart from 11. devote … to …

12. ahead of

13. as long as 14. was amazed by

15. encourage … to …

16. adapt … to …

17. due to

18. am tired of

19. cost 20. instead of

三、单项选择

1-----5

BAAAB

6------10

AACCC

11—15 ABABD

16—20

BABCD

21----25 BACCB

26---30 ADAAD 31---35 DCABA

36-----40 DCACD 四、情景填空

1. have adapted to

2. accomplish

3. devote

4. injured

5. was rushed to

6. cost

7. accompany

8. in case

9. devoted