Reading(2)：Stand up for your health!公开课教案

教学背景介绍：

本节课的教学内容为译林版《牛津高中英语》教材的Unit 1, Module 6 Reading的语言知识教学课。

语言知识教学是阅读教学的重要组成部分，阅读课中的语言知识教学起着巩固文本内容，深化话题思维的重要作用。然而在实际教学中，阅读课中的语言知识教学存在种种问题：

1. 语言知识教学脱离文本语境。阅读课的语言知识教学是在第一课时的基础上的延续与深化。但是在传统的语言知识教学中，教师往往会脱离课本，孤立地讲解语言知识。由于两个课时之间缺少了文本这一纽带，第一课时和第二课时给人毫不相干的感觉（转引自刘建，2013）。2. 语言知识学习学习策略重视不够。教师花了大量时间用于讲解语言知识，但未引导学生分析，比较语言知识之间的联系，也未归纳和总结语言知识背后的规律。学生对知识的理解和吸收停留在认知的表层，难以形成有效的学习策略，难以发展学生的自主学习能力（转引自罗之慧等，2014）。

基于词块的高中英语语言知识教学以文本为语境，并关注引导学生发现语言知识背后的规律，使得语言知识教学起着巩固文本内容，深化话题思维的重要作用。Michael Lewis 1993年

在The Lexical Approach

一书中提出了词块教学法，提倡以下三点：（1）让学生接触真实的语言材料。（2）重视学生在语境中学习词汇。（3）提高学生的词块敏感度，教会学生词块学习的方法，避免过多的讲解。

在词块的分类方面，国内外许多语言学者都进行过研究，如Becker(1975)，Michael Lewis(1997)，Nattinger & DeCarrico(1992)，Biber(1999)从不同角度对词块进行了分类。我国学者张建琴（转引自曹荣苏，章玉芳，2012）的研究将词块按功能分为以下几类：

（1）话题短语（Topic phrases）：即与主题相关的具体短语，对于题目的展开提供帮助和支持。

（2）语篇短语（Discourse devices）：指具有衔接功能，连接句子内部或句子间的两个成分的词汇短语。例如：

表示语篇开始：as is shown/illustrated…; we can see …; …shows that;

表示总结：in all; in a word 表示引用：according to 表示举例：for instance; for example; such as 表示关联：not …but…; not only…;

but also…

表示因果：as a result/consequence of; that is why…; the reason is that…; this is because…

表示对比：on the one hand…on the other hand；on the contrary （3）交际短语（Interactive devices）：也叫态度立场短语，表达对某件事的观点或态

度的词汇短语，如：The fact/ suggestion /problem /danger was…; I think ( believe; assume/ guess...) that; in my opinion; from my point of view; My point is that ...; as far as I’m concerned; It doesn’t mean that; as far as I know; I don’t know。

本节课的语言点教学，依据词块教学理论，根据词块的以上三种分类进行教学。

参考文献：

Becker，J．1975. The phrasal lexicon[A]．In R. Shank & B.L. Nash2 Webber (eds.)

Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing[C]．Cambridge，MA: Bolt Beranek & Newman. Biber D, Johasson S, Leech G, Conrad S&Finegan F. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English[M].Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Lewis, M. 1993. The Lexical Approach: the state of ELT and a forward [M]．Hove: Language Teaching Publications. Lewis，

M. 1997. Pedagogical implications of the lexical approach[A] In Coady，J．and Hockin，J．(eds)．Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition．Cambridge University Press. Nattinger，J．

R．

& J．

S．DeCarrico．1992. Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching

[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

曹荣苏、章玉芳，2012. 基于语料库的高三学生写作词汇短语使用情况调查[J]. 中小学外语教学(中学篇），（9）：1-6. 刘建，2013.阅读教学中忽视文本的现象评析与建议[J].中小学外语教学（中学篇），（10):38-43. 罗志慧，扈华唯，袁瑶，李丹，陈克宏. 2014. 高中英语阅读课第二课时有效教学策略的实践研究[J].中小学外语教学（中学篇），(10):14-18. way

Unit 1 Module 6 Stand up for your health! Language Focus —manufactured by Yang Caixia from No.66 middle school Teaching aims: In this class, the students will be expected to: 1) review the text; 2) learn some topic devices, discourse devices and interactive devices; 3) practice using the expressions in different contexts; 4) write a short article about Chinese crosstalk.

Teaching Procedures: Step I: Lead-in

1.

Ask Ss to write a short article about Chinese crosstalk to a foreigner

Step II: Language focus 1.

Help Ss learn some topic devices, discourse devices and interactive devices in the article and practise them in different contexts; Topic device

1. Fill in the blanks using topic device in Reading.

One favorite type of _________ is called stand up. There are________ ____________ _________different _______________of stand-up comedy. There has always been_____________ in them to make people watching them laugh. Billy Crystal, a famous stand-up comedian has ____________ the Academy Awards nine times. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast ____________ on TV. His outstanding ability to ______________jokes has impressed people around the world. Doctors have discovered that people who laugh a lot live____________ after researching what _______________stand-up and other forms of comedy have on us. When we laugh, our brain sends _______________ around the body that are good for us. Laughing helps the body stay healthy, as the ______________ goes, ‘_______________ is the best medicine.’ So we should try to make someone laugh, which might help them live longer. 2. Paraphrase 1) A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member. (line 3-4)

A stand-up comedian may____________ an audience member.

A stand-up comedian may_____________ an audience member.

A stand-up comedian may_____________ an audience member. 2) There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedy. ( line 8)

There are_______________ different styles of stand-up comedy.

There are ________________different styles of stand-up comedy.

There are_________________ different styles of stand-up comedy. 3) One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is often able to come up with new jokes about the people and the things around him. (line 34-35)

One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is often able to____________

new jokes about the people and the things around him. Discourse device

1.

Answer questions according to Reading. 1)

How many types of stand-up are mentioned? What are they? 2)

What is the function of some comedians, other comedians, yet other comedians and the last kind of comedian in the passage? 2. List more discourse devices ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Interactive devices 1.

Answer questions according to Reading. 1)

What is the author’s attitude towards stand-up? 2)

Which words or phrases can indicate the writer’s attitude towards stand-up in the article? 2. Read the following sentences containing interactive devices. 1) While this kind of humour may sound cruel, it usually works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of. 2) Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world. 3) Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying, ‘Laughter is the best medicine’, may be true after all. 3. Read the article and answer the following question. From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read often and more adventurously. This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is --- an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can

be dug out of a book.

Q1: What is the writer’s attitude towards reading?

Step III: Writing a short passage 1.

Encourage Ss to write a short passage about Chinese crosstalk by using topic devices, discourse devices and interactive devices learnt in this class. 2.

Ask Ss to present their passages to other Ss. 3.

Ask Ss to read the teacher’s version.

Step IV: Homework 1.

Read more articles with the same theme and find out more topic devices, discourse devices and interactive devices. (A) Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day. So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired? Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

Q1: According to the author, __________ __________ can make sitting workers

tired.

Q2: What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea? He _____________ __________ them.

Q3: What is the best title of this passage? _______________________ (less than 7 words)

(B)

Laughter is good for your health. When you laugh, several changes happen to your body. Your heart beats more slowly, your blood pressure goes down. You breathe more deeply, and so more oxygen (氧气) is carried round your body. Chemical changes happen too. Happy-feeling chemicals go to your head and make you feel that all is well in the world. The next time you laugh, notice that you are feeling relaxed afterwards.

Doctors have studied the results of laughing with very sick patients. First, if a patient has a lot of pain, it is a good idea to watch funny films. One person with cancer described his stay in hospital."After I laughed hard for ten minutes, the pain would go and I would have about two hours of pain-free sleep." Laughing canhelp you get better, especially if you have a very bad illness. Again, chemical changes happen in the body. As a result the body fights the disease and may help the patient get better. But laughing is good for healthy people, too. Laughing helps people relax. If there is a problem and you are able to laugh about it, you may feel more relaxed. In Bombay in India there are 48" laughing clubs". People meet and laugh together! They may laugh quietly or silently. When they laugh very strongly, this exercises the whole body. This is part of the Indian study of human health. So, next time, explain to your friends why you are laughing. "It's keeping me healthy.

Laughing is the best medicine, and they are no side-effects." 1.What does the passage tell us about laughing? A. It only changes the body.

B. It only changes the mind. C. It’s good for the body and mind.

D. People laugh after they relax. 2.What happens to very sick people? Laughter___________________. A. usually helps people become healthy again. B. stops diseases. C. can stop the pain for a short time. D. can stop the pain for a whole day. 3. Why do you think people go to Laughing Clubs in India?

A. They are learning how to laugh. B. They think it keeps them healthy. C. They prefer laughing quietly or silently. D. They think it is better than exercise. 4. Which of the following is Not true? A. Laughing helps people relax. B. Laughing keeps people healthy. C. Laughing stops people’s diseases.

D. Laughing stops the pain for a short time.

2. Polish up your writing.