Grammar名师教学视频（文字实录）

Module 3

Interpersonal Relationships— Friendship

Grammar：having done Teaching aims:

Learn how to use having done as adverbial Teaching difficult points: 1.

分清谓语动词与非谓语动词

2.

分清v-ing 和

having done 作状语的区别

Teaching important points:

How to use having done as adverbial correctly Teaching procedures: Step1: Lead-in

分清谓语动词与非谓语动词

在非谓语动词的学习中，经常会出现谓语动词与非谓语动词使用混乱的情况。以下四

句子是非谓语动词使用中的一些典型错误：

1．It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just had a look at the sports stars. 2．Using your head, and you will find a way. 3．Having been told many times, but he still made a lot of mistakes. •

判断的方法1：并列作谓语时用谓语动词形式；非谓语动词是对谓语动词进行说明的(说明谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间、条件、原因、方式或者是伴随动作等)。

•

2．把Using改为Use。此句构成“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构(句子表示一种条件关系)。或把and去掉，using...作状语，use与主语you为主动关系，所以用现在分词。

•

3．把分词短语Having been told many times改为句子He had been told many times，因为句中有连词but，前后构成并列句，因此要用谓语动词。另外，此句也可以把but去掉，Having been told many times在句中作时间状语。

•

判断的方法2：要正确选用谓语动词与非谓语动词，考生还必须学会准确把握句子结构(特别注意句中的连词)。根据句子结构，判断应该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

Step2: 高考探究

•

高考试题命题特点：

选项中给出某个动词的谓语动词和非谓语动词形式，考查考生区分谓语动词与非谓语动词的能力。

1. She doesn’t feel like eating anything, ______（be）ill for a few days. 2.________(work) hard, you will succeed sooner or later. 3. __________ (weigh)almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone. 4. The song is sung all over the country, ________ (make)it very popular.

（Key: 1. being;

2. Working;

3.Weighing;

4. making ）

Step3: .课文原句感知

1.

(lose) all my old friends，I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 2.

(leave) something in the cloakroom，I went inside to get it. 3.This weekend，

(think) about the situation for a while，I decided to ask Roy about the theft. (Key: 1. Having lost 2.Having left 3.having thought )

Step4: 语法精析--分词作状语

一、having done作状语

1.动词-ing形式的完成式的构成：having＋过去分词。它的否定式为：not＋having＋过去分词；被动式为：having＋been＋过去分词。

动词-ing形式的完成式在句中常作状语，表示原因、时间等。

Having learned that I was in trouble，he came to help me without delay.得知我有麻烦后，他毫不犹豫地前来帮我。

Not having known her address，I might as well telephone her to come over.由于还不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她过来。

Having been written in haste，the essay was not worth reading.这篇文章是匆忙写成的，不值得去读。

2.动词的-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作往往同时或相继发生；而完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Hearing the news，they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴地跳了起来。

Having finished his homework，he went out to play. 做完作业后，他就出去玩了。

3.过去分词和动词-ing形式的完成式的区别：

过去分词表示动作已发生或已完成，其中的动词与句子主语有动宾关系。在句中可作表语、定语、宾补或状语。

动词-ing形式的完成式表示该动作在谓语动词之前发生或完成，其中动词与句子主语有主谓关系。常在句中作状语。

He walked along the street，lost in thought. 他漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。

having

done doing 形

式

意

义

与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与谓语动词表示的动作(或状态)同时发生或几乎同时发生，

表示主动、进行

与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，

先于谓语动词表示的动作发生，

表示主动、完成

Having dressed myself，I went to the office. 穿好衣服后，我就去了办公室。

Step5: Homework Rewrite the sentences. Begin with the word Having. 1. After I had been to his house a few times, I started to get to know his family. 2. After I had talked to him for a while, I started to like him. 3. Because we had lived next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house. 4. After we had argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been stupid.

Key: 1. Having been to his house a few times, I started to get to know his family.

2. Having talked to him for a while, I started to like him.

3. Having lived next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house.

4. Having argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been stupid.