Grammar and usage(2): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)ppt课件教学实录

高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

M6U1 Grammar and usage Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed Learning aims: 1.to learn more about how to use non-finite verbs. 2.to learn the differences in using non-finite verbs. 3.to learn some important and difficult points of non-finite verbs. 4.to improve the skills of solving problems. Learning aids: The multimedia Learning procedure: Step1. Lead-in

Our English teacher always asks us to practice speaking English every day, hoping to improve our spoken English. 归纳感悟：

在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要用_____________________。

英语中非谓语动词包括：____________，____________，___________和_______________。

Step2. The infinitive and the verb-ing used as subject [经典例题] 1.________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. A. Exposed

B. Exposing

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed 比较：

2. _________ yourself to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. A. Exposed

B. Exposing

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed

归纳感悟：动词做主语时通常用动名词或不定式，动名词表示_____________________的动作而不定式表示____________________动作。例如：

Playing basketball is my favorite sport.

“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。

To meet him at the airport is my main task today. “去机场接他”指特定的将来的某一次行为，用不定式。

3.To answer correctly is more important than _____. A. that you finish quickly

B. finishing quickly

C. to finish quickly

D. finish quickly 归纳感悟：有时为了结构对称，要么都用不定式，要么都用动名词。例如：

Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.(谚语:眼见为实) 知识拓展: 动名词作主语的两个习惯表达法

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

1. It is no use (good) doing sth做某事没用(不好) 2. There is no point doing sth做某事没有意义

翻译下列句子：: *It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

_______________________________________________________。

*在公共场合随地吐痰(spit)不好。

_______________________________________________________. *这么早就动身，没有意义。

_______________________________________________________. Step3. The infinitive, the verb-ing and verb-ed used as attributive I. 不定式作定语

[经典例题] 1.The play

next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．

【2009安徽】

A．produced

B．being produced

C．to be produced

D．having been produced 归纳感悟:不定式做定语时在时间意义上表____________。

2. Will you please tell me why you had no pen ____________in class? A. to have written

B. to be written with

C. to have been written

D. to write with

归纳感悟：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 那么后面必须要有相应的___________。

知识拓展: He has no house to live in. 可以转换成：He has no house in which to live. She is a nice girl to work with. 可以转换成：She is a nice girl with whom to work 归纳感悟：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 那么后面必须要有相应的介词。介词还可以放到不定式前面去，但必须加相应的代词，被修饰名词是人时加____________，被修饰是物时加________________。

3. I have a lot of readings _________ before the end of this term.【2010山东】

A.

completing

B. to complete

C. completed

D. to be completed 4. I’m going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _________?

A.

bought

B. to be bought

C. to buy

D. being bought

归纳感悟：不定式做定语时:

(1). 表示事情由句子主语自己做时用_________________。

(2). 表示事情由别人做时用__________________。

5. He is always the first ______ questions. A. to answer

B. answering

C. to be answered

D. being answered 6. --- The last one ___ pays the meal. ---Agreed! 【2008全国1】

A.

arrived

B. arrives

C. to arrive

D. arriving 归纳感悟: 名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用____________作定语

。(也包括被the first,

the next, the last, the only, the very等修饰时。) 例如：

He is the oldest actor to win an Oscar. 他是获得奥斯卡年龄最大的演员。

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

It is named after the only man to play for both the Lions and Australia. (该奖杯)由唯一一个先后代表过狮子队和澳大利亚队比赛的运动员命名。

II.现在分词和过去分词作定语

[经典例题] 1.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.【2010浙江】

A.

being weighed

B. to weigh

C. weighed

D. weighing 2. I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily. 【2010北京】

A.

advertised

B. to be advertised

C. advertising

D. having advertised 归纳感悟：

分词做定语时，用什么分词看其与句子__________的关系，主动关系用_____________，被动关系用___________________。

知识拓展：

1.去年建的楼上周拆除了。

The building ______ last year was pulled down last week.

2.正在建的楼将在下个月完工。

The building ___________ will be completed next month. 3.明年要建的楼将是我们的图书馆

The building _________ next year will be our library. 归纳感悟：非谓语动词可以从________意义和_______意义两方面加以分析。以分词为例：doing 正在进行/主动关系

having done 之前/主动关系

being done正在进行/被动关系

having been done之前/被动关系

done

完成/被动关系

注意：having done和having been done通常做_____________使用，不做定语和补足语等。

Step4. The infinitive , the verb-ing and verb-ed used as adverbials

Ⅰ.不定式做状语

[经典例题] 1. John raised his voice ____________________. A. to make himself heard

B. making himself heard C. to make himself hear

D. making himself hear 归纳感悟:

做_____________状语通常用不定式。

2. He hurried to the station only _________ the train had left. A

find

B. finding

C. to find

D. found 归纳感悟:

指_____________状语时用不定式, 不定式前可加上only表示强调。

陷阱提醒：

She began practicing her guitar skills for several hours each day, only_____ when her fingers began to bleed. A. stop

B. stopped

C. to stop

D. stopping

Ⅱ.分词作状语

[经典例题] 1.________ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 【2010上海】

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

A. Approaching

B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 2.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 【2011天津】

A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated 归纳感悟：分词做状语用什么分词看分词动词与句子_____的关系，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。分词通常可以充当原因，时间，方式，条件,让步或伴随状语。

3.It rained heavily in the south,

serious flooding in several provinces. 【2010天津】

A.

caused

B. having caused

C. causing

D. to cause 4.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board. 【2009上海】

A. killed

B. killing

C. kills

D. to kill 归纳感悟：做_________________结果状语通常用现在分词doing 知识拓展：

分词做状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同; 如果不相同, 分词前必须加上自己的逻辑主语, 这种“逻辑主语+分词”的结构称之为分词的_______________。

[句型转换] If time permits, I will stay for another week. =_____________, I will stay for another week. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

=________________, we began our holiday.

[经典例题] 1. Everything _________ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.

A. to take

B. taken

C. to be taken

D. taking 2. There are various kinds of metals, each________ its own properties (性质，特性)．

A. has

B. had

C. to have

D. having 归纳感悟：注意下列句式

1. 句子。句子。

2. 句子+连词+句子。

3. 句子，独立结构。

4. 独立结构，句子。

陷阱提醒：

1. A. them

B. which

C . it

D. what 2. He wrote a lot of noveA. them

B. which

C . it

D. what

归纳感悟：有关系词引导的定义从句要有____________，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语,用的是动词的_____________。

Step5. Some difficult points of the use of non-finite verbs 非谓语动词做状语时的难点一：

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

[经典例题] 1. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ______. A. an extra job has been given to John

B. the boss has given John an extra job.

C. an extra job has been taken

D. John has taken an extra job 2 . --What’s the matter with you?

--____ the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly. A. Cleaning

B. To clean

C. While cleaning

D. while I was cleaning 归纳感悟：

非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应是句子_______。如果动词与句子主语之间没有逻辑关系即既没有主动关系也没有被动关系时，那就只能用_______________表达，而不能用不定式或分词做状语了。

非谓语动词做状语时的难点二：

[经典例题] 1. _______ for children, the book is easy to read.

A. Intend

B. Intending

C. Intended

D. To intend 2. _______ to his scientific research, he has no time to look after his children. A.

Devote

B. Devoted

C. Devoting

D. To devote 归纳感悟: 下列短语中的分词已经演化为形容词，做状语时，直接去掉be，用形容词短语做状语，不在当分词理解。

be based on 基于----- be committed to 承诺做某事

be faced with 面对----- be absorbed in 全神贯注于----- be determined to do 决心做某事

be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事

be convinced of 确信----- be dedicated to 专心致志做某事

be devoted to

致力于------

be intended to 打算做某事

be buried in 专心致志做某事

be dressed in 穿-----衣服

be occupied with 忙于某事

be limited to

局限于------

be accustomed to 习惯于------ be lost in thought 陷入深思

陷阱提醒：

1. _____ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To base 2. ______ on a true story, the film is extremely touching. A.

Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To base 非谓语动词做状语时的难点三：

[经典例题] As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _____, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved

B. moving

C. to move

D. being moved 归纳感悟:并列谓语还是非谓语

有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。并列谓语之间有and, 用在最后一个谓语前，构成A and B,

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

或A，

B and C; 否则，要把一个变为__________形式。

非谓语动词做状语时的难点四：

The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing 归纳感悟:

伴随状语还是表目的状语

方法一：现在分词做伴随状语时，其动作和谓语动作是同时进行的。而动词不定式作目的状语时，通常译作“为了”，为了达到不定式所表达的目的，先做句子谓语的动作。也就是说，两个动作有先后，先有谓语动作，后有动词不定式的动作。

She got up early that morning to get there on time. (先早起，后按时到达) He works very hard to catch up with others.(先努力学习，后赶上别人) 方法二：不定式做目的状语置于句首时，通常用逗号与后面的句子隔开；而置于句中或句末时通常不用逗号。

非谓语动词做状语时的难点五：

The lawyer listened with full attention,

to miss any point．【2010四川】

A. not trying

B. trying not

C. to try not

D. not to try 归纳感悟:非谓语动词的否定式其否定词not通常放在非谓语动词的_______，当多个非谓语动词连在一起时，要分清否定哪一个非谓语动词，然后在其前面加not。

非谓语动词做状语时的难点六：

[经典例题] 1._____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A.

Considering

B. Considered

C. Consider

D. Having considered 2.______ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A.

Judged

B. Judging

C. Having judged

D. To judge 归纳感悟：

下列短语为评注性/评论性状语或称垂悬状语，无需分析，只需要牢记。

generally(strictly/frankly/roughly) speaking supposing 假如，如果

speaking of谈到------ given ( that) 考虑到----- talking of 谈到------

to tell (you) the truth 跟你说实话

judging from/by 从-----来判断

to be honest 老实说

considering考虑到----- to make matters/things worse 更糟糕的是

taking… into consideration/account 同上

to put it mildly说得客气一点providing/ provided that----- 倘若，如果

Step6. Consolidation exercises Step8. Homework Finish Parts C1 and C2 on Page 98 in the workbook. Step7. Feedback __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

课堂检测练习(10分钟) 1. It’s no use ____________ without taking action. 【2011上海】

A. complain

B. complaining

C. being complained

D. to be complained 2. He loves parties. He is always the first _____and the last __________. A. coming; leaving

B. come; leave

C. comes; leaves D. to come; to leave

3. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,________ it more difficult．

A. not make

B. not to make

C. not making

D. not made 4. His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.

【2010陕西】

A. to be published

B. published

C. to publish

D. being published 5. “Do you have any clothes __________ today?” the maid (女仆，女佣)asked. A. to wash

B. to be washed

C. wash

D. be washed 6. Harry can’t attend the party ___ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech for the party ___ at Marie’s house tomorrow.

A. held, being held

B. to be held, to be held

C. to be held, held

D. being held, to be held 7. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ____. 【2012山东】

A. providing

B. provided

C. having provided

D. provide 8. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. 【2010福建】

A. sending

B. to send

C. having sent

D. to have sent 9. Tony lent me the money, _____________ that I’d do as much for him. 【2012全国Ⅱ】

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped 10. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop

B. stopping

C. to have stopped

D. having stopped 11. He sat back on the chair, took a book and began to read, ______. A. being looked happy

B. looked rather happy

C. to look rather happy

D. looking rather happy. 12. More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 【2011陕西】

A. making

B. made

C. to make

D. having made 13. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. 【2012山东】

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高邮市第一中学高二英语导学案

主备人：袁桂忠

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

14. ____ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale . A. Tasted

B. Being tasted

C. Tasting

D. Having tasted 15. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Given 16. _________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 【2009天津】

A. Being encouraged

B. Encouraging

C. Encouraged

D. Having encouraged

17. Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood

B. standing

C. to stand

D. were standing 18. ______, he had to stay at home looking after her. A. Being ill

B. His wife was ill

C. His wife being ill

D. Because he was ill. 19. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. 【2008湖南】

A. most of them

B. most of which

C. most of what

D. most of that 20. ______by the judges the first prize of the contest, he was too excited to fall asleep. A. Judging

B. Judged

C. Judge

D. To judge 21. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some_______ a life span of around 20 years. A. having

B had

C. have

D. to have 22 We need some practical theory ______ . A. to base our thinking

B. to be based on our thinking

C. on which to base our thinking

D. on what to base our thinking 23. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. were canceled

B. having been canceled

C. had been canceled

D. have been canceled 24. __________ himself with his research work, he has no time to look after his children. A. Occupy

B. Occupied

C. Occupying

D. To occupy 25. Greatly moved by her words, ______ . A. tears came to his eyes

B. he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back

D. his eyes were filled with tears.

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