Grammar教学设计实例

虚拟语气导学案

卓天伟

虚拟语气是英语日常交际中常常出现的一种语言现象，是英语学习的一个重点和难点。因此，我们必须要学好虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的定义

概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：

1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。

He is late for class.

He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）

Don’t be late！

3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

If I were you,I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon. 虚拟语气的考点

在英语高考中，虚拟语气的考查情况分布如下：

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法/倒装；

2. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；

3. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；

4. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。

一、虚拟语气在

if非真实条件句中

虚拟条件从句(If) 主

句

与现在事实相反的假设

主语+did/were 主语+should / would/

could / might + do

与过去事实相反的假设

主语+ had done 主语+ should / would/

could / might +

have done

与将来事实相反的假设

主语+ 主语+should / would/

1.did could / might + do 2.should do

3.were to do

（1）

表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

例如：

1，If I were a boy, I would join the army. 2，What would you do if you won the lottery?

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3，If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.

4，If I had a lot of money，I would buy a villa. 巩固练习

1. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice. 2. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth? 3. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous. 4. If

I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help. （2）

与过去的事实相反

从句的谓语用had＋过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；

主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have ＋动词过去分词。

例如：If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. 巩固练习

1. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already. 2. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train. 3. If

I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together. （3）

与将来事实相反

从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或

were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might ＋动词原形。

例如：

1，If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 2，If he got up early, he would be on time. 巩固练习

1.翻译下列句子。

(a)假如他来了,

我们对他说什么呢？

(b)假如他看见我, 就会认识我。

2.填空。

(a). If there ________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power . (b). What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late

tomorrow? (c). If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, here ________ (be) no friendship. 二、虚拟条件句省略或倒装

省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或

should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

例如: Should he come (=____________________), tell him to ring me up.

他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。

Were I you (=______________________________), I would not do it.

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我要是你，就不做这事。

巩固练习

省略连词if，改写下列句子。

1.If I were you, I would accept his advice. 2.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 3.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. 三、错综时间条件句：

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。

例如：If you had worked hard ,you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。（从句指过去，主句指现在）

巩固练习

1. If you ___________him yesterday, you _____________what to do now. 如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道答案了。

2.If I_______________, I _______________________the villas last year. 如果我有钱，我去年会买那幢别墅了。

3.If you ____________(follow)my advice just now, you _________(be)better now. 4.If you __________(study)hard before, you _______(be)a college student now. 四、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。

常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。

例如：

With better equipment, we could have done better. 若有更好的设备的话，我们会做得更好的。

Without / But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 巩固练习

1.Without electricity, human being life ______（be）

quite different today. 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ (score)a goal. 五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）

It is necessary / important / natural / strange / funny/ surprising/ a pity / a

shame/ no wonder/ suggested / advised/recommended / desired 等that sb (should) + do

例如：

It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that. It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 2. O-clause 虚拟语气

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Vt(要求，命令，建议，愿望）

+ that+ (should)+V原

Vt: ask, request, demand, require, insist ; direct, order, command ; propose, suggest, recommend ; advise ; urge ;decide, determine ; intend ; desire ; prefer 例如：

Mike’s uncle insists that he not stay in this hotel.

He proposed that we (should) set a dead line for the complement of the plan. They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.

What do you suggest we do?

NOTES:

(1)suggest表‘暗示’时

Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job? (2) insist表‘坚持认为’时

Mike insisted that he was right. 3. 表-clause与同位语-clause的虚拟语气

句型：N+... ...+S+(should)+V原

N:

decision ; order ; demand, requirement, request ; advice ; suggestion, proposal ; desire 等。

例如：

My suggestion is that he leave for London at once. What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? 巩固练习

1.It is strange that the lazy boy _____ (pass) the exam. 2.The officer gave the order that nothing ____ (touch)until the people arrived. 六、虚拟语气的其他一些特殊用法。

（一）wish+从句

与现在事实相反

did/were

与过去事实相反

had done（或用could have done）

与将来事实相反

could/would/might + do 1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式

(be动词一般用were) 。

I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I were a bird. I wish every day were my birthday. (2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。

I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it. (3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为

“

would＋动词原形”。

注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。

但愿你立刻来。

I wish you would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow. 巩固练习

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I wish (that)he________________(visit) us tomorrow. I wish (that)he________________(visit) us today. I wish (that)he________________(visit) us yesterday. （二）If only

+

简单句

“要是……就好了”

与现在事实相反

did/were

与过去事实相反

had done（或用could have done）

与将来事实相反

could/would/might + do Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice.

If only I could speak several foreign languages!

If only the explosion had not happened, those people would not have been killed.

NOTES: if only & only if

If only +虚拟语气结构；

only if(= if) 句首+倒装结构。

Only if you have understood the problem can you solve it. 巩固练习

If only you

________________(listen) to our advice. If only I ________________(be) a bird. （三）在would rather+宾语从句中

与现在或将来事实相反

did/were 与过去事实相反

had done 即：would rather sb did/ had done 例如：

I would rather they didn’t hear of the news .

巩固练习

I would rather you ______(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you __________ (not tell)me the truth. （四）as if / as though（好像）+从句

由as if (as though) 或even if (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为:did /were（与现在的事实相反）;“had＋过去分词”（与过去的事实相反）；would/could/might+do(与将来的事实相反）。

例如：

He behaves as if he owned the house. She talks about Rome as though she had been there himself. 巩固练习

翻译下列句子。

1.他那样对待我, 好像我式陌生人似的。

2.即使她在这里，她也不能解决这个问题。

（五）It is ( high ) time (that)+从句

sb did/ sb should（不可省略）

+ do 该是某人做某事的时候了。

例如：

It is high time that you got up/should get up. 巩固练习

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翻译下列句子。

1.你该去上学了。

2.我们该回家了。

【实战演练】

（一）、填空。

1.I was ill that day ,otherwise I ______(attend) the party. 2.But for the help of my teachers, I______(make) such progress. 3.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting,if she ______(come), she would have met my brother. 4.Jane’s pale face suggested that she

______(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ______(have) a medical examination. 5.He didn’t go to the party ,but he does wish he______(be) there. 6.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______(follow) your advice . 7.It’s high time that something

______(do)about the traffic problem downtown . 8.I’d rather you

______(take)those important documents with you . 9.It’s necessary that he______(return) the dictionary immediately . 10.I love you as if you ______(be) my relative . 11.If I______(see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it .(2015-北京）

12.I wish I______(be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then .(2015-天津）

13.It is lucky we booked a room ,or we______(have) nowhere to stay now .(2015-安徽）

14.My mom suggests that we ______(eat) out for a change this weekend .(2013-陕西）

15.We______ (be)back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.(北京高考）

（答案）1.would have attended

2.couldn’t have made

3.had come

4.was,have

5. had been

6.had followed

7.was done

8.didn’t take

9.return

10.were

11.hadn’t seen

12.had been

13. would have

14. should eat/eat

15. would be （二）、单句翻译。

1.我宁愿你明天来。

2.要是他明天能来就好了。

3.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。

4.要是有你的帮助，我们就可以更早完成任务。

5.如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。

（答案）

1.

I would rather you came tomorrow . 2.

If only he could come tomorrow . 3.

It’s a pity that you should be so careless .

4.

With your help ,we might finish the task earlier . 5.

If it were to rain tomorrow ,I should not drive my car . （

三）、单句改错

1.

When you phoned me , I was having a meeting ; how I wish I have answered your

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call.

________________

2.

They met for the first time,but they talked happily as if they have been good friends for a long time.________________

3.

Had it not been for the rain yesterday,we will not enjoy such fresh air now.(2017-河南豫东豫北十校阶段测试）________________ 4.

He called to tell me that she was in hospital ,otherwise I have known nothing about it . ________________ 5.

---He will come tomorrow .

--- But I’d rather he comes the day after tomorrow.________________ （答案）

1.have改为had

2.have改为had

3.will改为would/could

4.在have前加would

5. comes改为

came

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