Learning about Language教案设计范例

Learning about Language: Grammar Ⅰ

Teaching Aims：

1．Get students to know about the characters of subject-verb agreement. 2．Let students learn the rules of subject-verb agreement. Ⅱ

Teaching Important Points

Get students to learn and master the rules of subject-verb agreement. Ⅲ

Teaching Difficult Points Enable students to learn how to use the rules of subject-verb agreement. Ⅳ

Teaching Method：Method of Lecture Ⅴ

Teaching Procedures Ⅵ

语法填空

主谓一致

主谓一致即谓语动词和主语在人物和数上要保持一致。英语中的主谓一致基本遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

1．语法一致

语法一致是指主语和谓语通常在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。

1）由and, both… and…

连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

e.g. My brother and I have both seen that film. 【特别提醒】

A．and连接两个不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

e.g. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.

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B．and连接两个名词作主语，如果主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果主语表示的是具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一件完整的事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.The singer and the actor were both present at the meeting.（歌手和演员）

The singer and actor was present at the meeting.（歌手兼演员）

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

Bread and butter is westerners’ daily food. 2）不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each, the other, either, neither等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. Is anybody going to tell him the news?

Someone wants to see you. 【特别提醒】

A．each… and, each…, every…and, every…等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

e.g. Each doctor and (each) nurse was given a new shirt. B．neither / either of 后接复数名词或复数形式的代词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。

e.g. Neither of us has / have received her letter. 3）名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than 短语共同作主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。

e.g. All but one were here just now.

A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.

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An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

You as well as I are wrong. 4）由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数

+ 名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词要根据of之后的名词而定。如：

e.g.There are a lot of people in the classroom.

Two thirds of the money is yours.

50% of the students in our class are girls. 5）a number of意为“许多”，修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of 意为“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.The number of the students in this school is 2230, and a number of students live far away from school. 6）trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, shorts, gloves等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果这些名词前有a pair / kind / series of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.My glasses are broken.

This pair of glasses in mine. 7）单个的动名词、不定式或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g Reading is great pleasure in life.

To live means to create.

What is needed is food and medicine. 【特别提醒】

A．单个从句主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；多个从句作主语时，谓语动词

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用复数形式。

e.g. When and where he will go is not known.

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us. B．由what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果所指的具体内容为复数意义，则用复数形式。

e.g. What his father left him are a few English books. 8）一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数形式，这就是所谓的“表里不一”现象。

e.g. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人已经看到这本小说了。

More than one person has read the novel. 不止一人看过这本小说。

【特别提醒】

A．more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

e.g. More than 60% of the students are from the city. B．“more + 复数名词

+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. More members than one are against the proposal. 9）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。

e.g. There comes the bus.

On the wall are many pictures. 2．意义一致

意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数还是复数，要看主语所表达的概念。

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1）集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team, crowd, public, committee, population, crew, government, audience 等的单复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。如果集体名词强调的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调的是集体中的成员，谓语动词则要用复数形式。

e.g. My family is small one with three people.

My family all like music.

The army is going to remain in this town.

The army have rescued the travelers. 2）people, police, cattle 等名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数形式。

e.g. The police are looking for the lost child. 【特别提醒】

people 意为“民族，种族”时，有单复数之分；police意为“警察机关”时，可用作单数。

e.g. The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。

3）如果名词词组的中心词是half, most, the rest, some, all 等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之则用单数形式。

e.g. All hope has gone.

All the students agree on this point. 【特别提醒】

one and a half 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. One and a half apples is left on the table. 4）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示数量作主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用复数形式。

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e.g. Three thousand miles is a long distance.

Eight hours of sleep is enough.

One thousand pounds is a large sum of money. 5）以-s结尾的书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. The arabian Nights is an interesting story-book. 6）算式中加法和乘法可用单数，也可用复数；减法和除法必须用单数。

e.g. Twelve plus eight is / are twenty.

Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 7）一些学科名词是以-s结尾，如mathematics, politics, physics以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，但实际意义为单数，所以它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

e.g The paper works（工厂）was built in 1990.

I think physics isn’t easy to study. 8）“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. The rich are not always happy. 3．就近一致

就近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1）由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only… but also连接的两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。

e.g. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.

Either Jean or you are to be sent to New Zealand. 2）There be…

和Here be…

句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持一

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致。

e.g. There is a lamp, two pents and three books on the desk.

There are three books, two pens and a lamp on the desk. Ⅶ

随堂练习

A）用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1．Whether we’ll go _________ (depend) on the weather. 2．Each man and each woman _________ (have) a chance to be raised in our company. 3．The majority of doctors _________ (believe) smoking is harmful to health. 4．Anumber of students _________ (have) gone to the countryside. 5．Many a boy _________ (have) bought that kind of toys. 6．E-mail, as well as telephones, _________ (be) playing an important part in daily communication. 7．My family _________ (be) not a big one, and all my family _________ (like) playing sports. 8．Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture, but when and where _________ (have) not been decided yet.

9．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _________ (need) repairing. 10．Five hundred metres _________ (be) not a long distance, but they are too tired to go on walking. B）选词填空。

1．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _________

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rising steadily since 1997. (is / are /has been / have been) 2．The teacher together with the students _________ discussing Reading Skills that _________ newly published in America. (are; were / is; were / are; was / is ; was) 3．The police_________ for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. (is searching /are searching / was searching / were searching) 4．A survey of the opinions of experts _________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _________ good for one’s health. (show; are/shows; is/show; is/shows; are) 5．The population of China _________ larget than that of any other country in the world. (is / are / has / have) 6．The Smith’s family, which _________ rather a large one, _________ very fond of their old house. (were; were / was; were/ were; was/ was; was) C）单句改错。（每题一错，请指出并改正）

1．My uncle and his wife is coming to visit the new farm next Sunday.

A

B

C 2．Neither those memos（备忘录）nor this proposal were clearly written.

A

B

C 3．Both of my friends is going to France in June.

A

B

C 4．One and a half apples are eaten by the boy.

A

B

C 5．There are some water and vegetables in the firdge. You needn’t go to buy

A

B

C anything.

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