Grammarppt配用优秀获奖教案

Grammar: 动词－ing形式用法归纳

自贡一中

王利

Step 1 知识体系

1. 动词的-ing形式具有名词的功能，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语。例如：

Seeing is believing. I suggested asking his brother for some money. It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.

My job is teaching.

2. 动词的-ing形式具有形容词的功能，可在句子中做定语﹑表语和宾语补足语。例如：

China is a developing country. This food smells inviting. My favorite sport is swimming. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

I heard someone knocking at the door. 3. 动词的-ing形式具有副词的功能，可以在句子中做状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。

1)

时间状语

Still watching, Will saw the cat behave strangely. Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand, and the cat came up to him. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.

2). 结果状语

Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. 3). 伴随状语

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 4). 原因状语

Being sick, I stayed at home. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.

注: 分词与主句主语是主谓关系; 副词放在分词之前

5）作方式状语

But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

6) 作条件状语

Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you.

Taking the path that lead leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.

7) 作补充说明

The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= …and will arrive in Chicago.) The visitor expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. (= …and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.)

4. 独立主格结构

现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指带逻辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中可以作时间状语﹑条件状语﹑原因状语﹑伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前边也可以加上with，其中现在分词仍然表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作。

1）The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his leg.

独立主格结构作状语，表示结果。

2) With his lips still trembling, he couldn’t say a word.

独立主格结构作状语，表示原因。

3) The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way.

独立主格结构作状语，表示伴随。

4) With the first ray of the rising sun coming, they set out from the farm.

独立主格结构作状语，表示时间。

-ing各种变化形式(doing/having done) 1) 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。

Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment.

Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave.

Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 2) 动词－ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。

Having lived there for dozens of years, he knows the city well. Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left

his wallet at home.

3）动词－ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上式被动的。

I’d like to have a look at the animal being operated on.

在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，我们可以用现在分词的被动形式。

The bridge being built now will be completed in the three months.

This is one of the experiments being carried on in our lab.

在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作发生于谓语之前，我们可以用having been done 形式。也可以被过去分词代替。

Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

= shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

Step 2 跟踪练习

1. Complete the sentences from the passage with the words below. Putting

pushing

keeping

watching

1. Still _________, Will saw the cat behave strangely.

2. ________down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand. 3. He crossed the roads, _______his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished.

4. ________his shopping bag through, he climbed through the hole.

2．

Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 Leaping into the air,

2 Shouting angrily,

3 The boy walked through the silent streets,

4 Picking up the knife,

5 The bear came out of the buses,

(a) making a loud noise and showing its teeth. (b) the man waved his sword at the stranger.

(c) he boy looked at it carefully. (d) listening for the sound of human voices. (e) the witch vanished. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below

Put

look

see

turn

hold

1. The cat leapt back, ________ its tail high.

2. _______ out a paw, the cat patted the air in front of her.

3. _______ away, the cat went across the road.

4. _______ Will, the cat approached him.

5. The cat stopped, ______ at something invisible to Will.

Answers: holding Putting Turning Seeing

looking Complete the passage:

Last week I walked into our local bookshop, (1) hoping/trying

to find a copy of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials. All my friends (2) had read it and I wanted to know (3) why people liked it so much. I bought all three books and hurried out of the shop, pleased that I had found it (4) so easily. (5) Seeing/ Noticing a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6) for/as/ because it was quite a long walk home.

(7) Sitting/ Riding on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8) mine. We started talking and I (9) suddenly realised that we had arrived at my stop. (10) jumping up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my sop!” I (11) got off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12) realizing/ discovering/ finding

I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13) shouted, “Stop, please!” But it was(14) too late. The bus had gone away, (15) taking/ carrying my books with it.

独立主格结构

If weather permits, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. =Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat. =There being nobody in the room, come in…

Step 3 巩固练习

小测验

1.

Paul doesn't have to be made ___________. He always works hard. A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

[B] 2.

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen [B] 3.

There are five pairs _________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen

B. to choose from

C. to choose

D. for choosing [B] 4. --Is Bob still performing? - I’m afraid not. He is said _________ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left

B. to leave C. to have been left

D. to be left [A] 5.

–

I heard you were invited to the President’s Party.

- Yes, I was surprised at how easy the President was _________. A. for talking

B. talking to C. to talk

D. to talk to [D] 6.

– Manager, do you have something __________ at this moment? - No, thanks. I’ll call you if any.

A. to be typed

B. to type C. typing

D. typed [A] 7.

– I usually go there by train. ---Why not __________ by boat for a change.

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

[D] 8.

The missing boys were last seen __________ near the river. A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

[A] 9.

He hurried to the station only __________ that the train had left. [2005广东，31] A. to find

B. finding C. found

D. to have found 巩固练习：

1.

The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____________.

A. to spend

B. spent

C. being spent

D. spending 解析: B. well spent是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰前面的money。spent 与money是被动关系。句意为：这些修理花很多钱，但值得花。

2.

All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving 解析: C. 句意为：所有这些礼物都必须立刻寄出，这样它们可以在圣诞节被及时收到。receive 与gift是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动形式。

3.

I really can’t understand __________ her like that.

A. you treat

B. you to treat

C. why treat

D. you treating 解析: D. 句意为：我真不明白为什么你那样对待她，understand 后接动名词作宾语。you 为treating 的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。

4.

I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound

B. to be sounded

C. sounding

D. to have sounded 解析: A. want 后接不定式作宾语，sound是系动词，没有被动形式。句意为：我不想让人听起来我在说别人的坏话，但是经理的计划不公平。

5.

When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not _______. A. to arrive; leaving

B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving

D. arriving; to leave 解析: C. 句意为：当被警察询问时，他说他记得宴会时的情景，却想不起离开时的情景。remember后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“对过去做过的事情还记得”；后

接不定式作宾语，表示“记着去做某事”，动作尚未发生。

6.

I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ___________. A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on 解析: C. 句意为：

有那么大的吵闹声，我做不了作业。with all that noise going on 是一个独立主格形式，go on 与

noise 是主动关系，在句中作原因状语。

7.

Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached

B. reaching

C. to reach

D. to be reaching 解析: B. 句意为：石油价格自从去年初已增长32%，

在4月4日已创下每桶57.65美元的记录。此处用现在分词表示石油价格增长的结果。having reached 是现在分词的完成式，表示发生在石油价格增长之前，显然不对；to reach 在句中要么作目的状语，要么与only连用作结果状语，表示出人意料的结果。

8.

He glanced over at her, __________ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting

B. noted

C. to note

D. having noted 解析: A. 句意为：

他大量了一下她，注意到虽然她长得小，但似乎体型非常好。注意空格处不是谓语，所以不要选B项，因为并列谓语要用glanced over at her and noticed…。此处应该是结果状语，C 项表示目的；D项是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以也不正确。

9.

I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ________ in a year. A. follows

B. followed

C. to follow

D. being followed 解析: C. 句意为：我今天给你送来100美元，其余的明年给你。the rest…不是一个分词，而是独立主格形式作说明性状语。其形式是：名词+不定式。不定式在此处表示

"将来"的时间概念。

10.

_________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor's help to end her life. A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure

解析: B. 句意为：没有什么治愈的希望，也没有减少由这种可怕疾病带来的疼痛和痛苦的方法，这位病人求医生帮助结束她的生命。由句意可知，空格处是原因状语。选项A是现在分词短语，其中give up后面不能接宾语way。

选项C可改为There being no …,这样构成了There being…独立主格形式，也可作原因状语。选项D意为"怀着…的希望"，一般在句中作目的状语。

11.

I think you'll grow _______ him when you know him better. A. liking

B. to be like

C. to like

D. to be liking 解析: C. 句意为：我认为当你对他比较了解后，会慢慢喜欢他的。grow 此处的意思是"逐渐，慢慢"，to like是不定式作结果状语。

12.

The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn't agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made

B. having made C. made

D. making 解析: B. 句意为：经理向我们表明他不同意我们的意见之后，离开了会议室。做此题首先判断空格处不是谓语，而是时间状语，而这个时间状语在时间上发生于谓语动词left之前，所以要用现在分词的完成式。

13.

While watching television, _______________. A. the doorbell rang

B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring

D. we heard the doorbell rings 解析: C. 句意为：在看电视时，我们听到门铃响了。

While watching…是时间状语，分词作状语，其逻辑主语一定是句子的主语，即we。

14.

"You can't catch me!" Janet shouted, __________ away. A. run

B. running

C. to run

D. ran 解析: B. 句意为："你逮不着我！" Janet大喊着，跑远了。应该用现在分词running做伴随状语，与主语Janet是主谓关系。

15.

The storm left, __________ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused

B. to have caused

C. to cause

D. having caused 解析: D. 句意为：暴风雨走了，给这一带地区造成了巨大损失。此句应该用现在分词短语的完成形式表示结果。选项B和C是不定式，往往作目的状语。

16.

He got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk __________ the

good opportunity. A. to lose

B. losing

C. to be lost

D. being lost 解析: B. 句意为：

他为这个就业面试做了充分的准备，以为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。risk后面接动名词作宾语，意为“冒险做某事”。

17.

It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ________ a look at the sports stars. A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have 解析: B. 句意为：另人难以置信的是，球迷们在体育馆外面等了三小时仅仅是为了看一看这些体育明星。just to have a look at…是不定式作目的状语。

18.

More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking

B. taken

C. having taken

D. having been taken 解析: A. 句意为：越来越多的人利用了健康和消遣的好处，报名参加瑜珈学习班。take advantage of 与谓语动词是同时进行的，所以要做伴随状语。

19.

___________ more about university courses, call (920) 746- 3789. A. To find out

B. Finding out

C. Find out

D. Having found out 解析: A. 句意为：要了解更多的大学课程，拨打

(920) 746- 3789。To find out more…是目的状语。

20.

_________ in 1963, and _______ in Philadelphia, Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised

B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised

D. Born; raising 解析: B. born 和raise（养育）都与Charles Pettigrew是被动关系，所以都要用过去分词形式作时间状语。句意为：Charles Pettigrew于1963年出生，在费城长大，给老师留下了那样的印象以至于他们把他送到Barklee学校学习爵士乐。

21.

– Have you seen Mr Ye today? - No, he is said _______ Wuhan on business. A. to go to

B. to have been to

C. to have gone to

D. to has gone to 解析: C. 此句的意思是“据说他去武汉做生意了”。have been to 表示“去过某处”；

have gone to 表示“去了某处”。

22.

I feel it great honor ________ to give a speech to you. A. invited

B. to invite

C. having invited

D. to have been invited 解析: D. 句意为：我觉得受到邀请给你们讲话是意见荣幸的事。to have been invited是真正的宾语，此处要用被动形式。

23.

Who did the teacher have ________ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. written

B. writing

C. write

D. to write 解析: C. 句意为：老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了？此句考查的句式是：have sb. do sth. 24.

– Manager, do you have something _______ at this morning? - No, thanks. I'll call you if any. A. to be typed

B. to type

C. typing

D. typed 解析: A. 此题考查动词不定式作定语。根据答语可知，该不定式动作不是由主语"you"发出的动作，所以要用不定式的被动形式作定语。

25.

There was an oil painting _______ in the corner. It _______ there for several days. A. having locked

B. locking

C. to be locked

D. locked 解析: C. 此题考查动词lie / lay的具体运用。句意为：在那个角落里有一张油画，它在那儿好几天了。第一个空应该作定语修饰painting。可用两种形式：一是lying，是lie的现在分词，表示状态；二是laid，是lay表示"放置"的过去分词，与painting是被动关系。但第二个空只能是had lain。lain是lie表示"躺"的过去分词，没有被动形式。

26.

A television programme _________ "Kim'll fix it" invites viewers to say what they really want to do. A. being called

B. having called

C. calling

D. called 解析: D. 此题考查分词作定语。根据句子结构分析，空格处应是定语，修饰前面的programme，表达被动关系。A项虽是被动关系，但它表示"进行"，B项和C项表"主动"。句意为：一个叫做"Kim'll fix it"的电视节目邀请观众说出他们真正想做的事情。

27.

The actor threw himself from the horse, as if ___________________. A. to be shot

B. being shot

C. shooting

D. shot

解析: D. as if后面可接分词，形成省略现象，与主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与主语是被动关系，用过去分词。A项表示将来和被动；B项表示"进行"和"被动"；C项表示"进行"和"主动"; D项表示"被动"与"完成"。句意为：这位演员从马上摔下来，好像被打中了一样。

28.

The poor man, __________, ran out of the dark cave. A. trembled and frightened

B. trembling and frightened C. trembled and frightening

D. trembling and frightening 解析: B. tremble是不及物动词，意为"战栗，发抖，震动"，所以此处要用现在分词形式表示主动关系；frighten是及物动词，意为"使…害怕"，frightened表示"感到害怕的"，多叙述人；frightening"令人害怕的，吓人的"，多叙述事和物。句意为：这位可怜的人，颤抖着，带着恐惧跑出了黑洞。

29.

A few days after the interview, I received a letter _______ me the job. A. offered

B. offers

C. offering

D. to be offered 解析: C. offering是现在分词形式作定语修饰前面的letter，与letter是主动关系，由于信的内容是“提供工作”，所以offering也表示“进行”。句意为：面试几天后，我收到了一封向我提供一份工作的信。

30.

Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _________ in art and architecture. A. expressed

B. to express

C. express

D. expressing 解析: A. express用过去分词形式作宾补，表示与beauty是被动关系，这是一个have sth. done句式，意为“使某事被做”。句意为：

每一种过去的伟大的文化都会使它的美的观念在艺术和建筑中得到表达。

31.

Mcgrady performed amazingly well, __________ an average of 31.5 points each game. A. scoring

B. scored

C. having scored

D. to score 解析: A. score用作动词表示“得分”，与主语Mcgrady是主动关系，又因为score与谓语动词performed同时进行，所以选项A为最佳答案。

32.

It was astonishing that the mayor should have got the harbour, which would be of great benefit to the local economy, ___________ within half a year. A. to be completed

B. completed

C. be completed

D. being completed

解析: B. 句意为：

这位市长半年之内就使得一个将会给当地经济带来很大好处的港口建成，真是不可思议。港口已建成，所以此题目要用get sth. done。to be completed表示将来完成; being completed 表示正在进行，所以选项A和D都不正确；be completed 不能作补足语，应该去掉be。

33.

____________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given 解析: A. 该题考查分词作状语的用法。句中的主语同give之间为被动关系，所以应该用它的过去分词形式。Given所引导的是一个条件状语，其作用相当于If it had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 即一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

34.

__________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received 解析: C. 该题考查分词否定式在句中作状语的用法，receive与其逻辑主语he是主动关系已从四个选项中得以明确(均是现在分词)。题干中again这一关键词提示考生，应该用现在分词的完成式形式，否定词not必须置于分词之前，故C为正确答案。该分词短语在句中充当原因状语，其作用相当于As he hadn't received a reply, he decided to write again, 即not receive这一动作发生在decide to write之前。

35.

The secretary worked late into the night, __________ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing 解析: B. 句中的现在分词作伴随状语。不能将其理解为目的状语，而误选A，因为不定式作目的状语置于句中通常不用逗号隔开。

36.

She's upstairs _______ letter. A. writes

B. is writing

C. write

D. writing 解析: D. 现在分词在句中作伴随状语。句意为：

她在楼上写信。