Grammar教学设计(第二课时)

虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

一．概念:

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等

(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

二、在条件句中的应用

（一）[例句] 1.

If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once.

假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) * If he knew the address, he would go to the party. *Mr. Yu is not here. If he were, he would help you with the task.

表示与事实

情况相反

现在

条件从句的谓语形式

（if后的句子）

过去式(did) (be常用

were)

主句的谓语形式

would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +do

*If I ________ (be) a bird, I

_____________

(fly) in the sky.

*If we _______ (know) more about the disease, we ______________ (able) treat the patients effectively.

（二）

*If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.

*If you had chosen me then, I would have followed you.

表示与事实

情况相反

过去

条件从句的谓语形式

主句的谓语形式

过去完成式

had +done

4个情态动词+have

done

1.

If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he

______________________

(pass) it already.

2. If you _______ (get) up earlier this morning, you ______________________ (catch) the first train.

（三）

表示与事实

情况相反

将来

条件从句的谓语形式

主句的谓语形式

①过去式

(did) ②should + do

③were to do

4个情态动词

w /c /m /s + do

1.

If it

____________________________

(snow) tomorrow, we

___________

(have) a day off.

2. What ____________ (happen) if you ______________________________ (get up) too late tomorrow?

三省略

if 的条件从句

当从句中有

were, had 或

should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。

* If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.

Were I to meet him tomorrow,…

* If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

Should he fail in the experiment…

•

If I had known more about first aid, I could have saved him.

Had I known more about first aid,…

四错综时间的条件句

即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：

1.

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

2.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

五含蓄条件句

一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without(没有), otherwise/ or (否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气。

*如果没有你的帮助，我们不会取得这样快的进步。

Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. *要不是你的帮忙，我不可能做这件事。

But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.

*我那天很忙，否则我就和他们一起去了。

I was busy that day. Otherwise/ Or I would have gone there with them.

六、练习和作业

练习：

1.）Without sunlight, there___________ no life

on our planet.

2.）But for your help, I ______________

________the work.

3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I ______________ part in the sports meet.

1 .The volleyball match will be put off

if it _____.

A.will rain

B.rains

C. rained

D.is rained 2. If you ___him yesterday, you ___what to do now.

A.

Asked;would know

B.

had asked;would have known C. asked him;know

D. had asked;would know 3. If he________in a day or two，I would wait for him. A.returns

B.should have returned C.were to return

D.had returned 4. Had you listened to the doctor,you _____all right now. A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been 5. Without your help，we ____ this task. A.don’t finish

B.will not finish C.didn’t finish

D.would not have finishe