Grammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions教学目标

Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily 情态动词

情态动词的基本特点：

情态动词主要有______, _________, ___________, __________, __________, ________, __________, ____________, ___________, ___________, _____________, _______________等。他们的基本特征如下：

（1）情态动词具有一定的词义，如表示____________, ___________, ___________, __________等

（2）情态动词不能单独使用，必须和另一动词（原型）一起构成谓语。

(3) 情态动词一般无_________和______的变化。

1．can

和could的用法

(1)表示“________”。

can的过去式是could. — No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —

Oh, you are really his big fan.(摘自2011湖南高考) ——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。

——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。

(2)表示_______，常用在否定句和疑问句中。

How could you do such a silly thing?

你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？

(3)cannot ... too/enough表示“_______________”；“________________”。

You can't be too careful while driving.

开车时越小心越好。

2．may和might的用法

(1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。

①在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。

— May I take the book out? ——我能将书带出吗？

—

I'm afraid not.(摘自2010四川高考) ——恐怕不行。

②“may as well＋动词原形”意为“___________，满可以，________”。

We may as well stay where we are.

我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。

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Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily (2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustn't”表示“____________”；

must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn't”，表示“______________”。

— May I take this book out of the reading room? ——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？

—

No, you mustn't. You read it in here.(摘自2010陕西高考) ——不，决不可以，你在这儿读。

3．must的用法

(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。

You mustn‘t park here! It’s an emergency exit.(摘自2010重庆高考) 你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。

(2)表示“_________”，“_________”。

Don't interrupt me, John. Must you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? 约翰，你别打断我说话。你非得逼我这时告诉你真相吗？

4．shall的用法

(1)用于第______、第_______人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。

— What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir? — I haven't decided on the time.But I will call you. ——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？

——我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。

(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的______, _________, _________或威胁。

No driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that you shall obey in Fuzhou. 在一些地区不许骑电动车是你在福州必须遵守的一个规定。

5．will和would的用法

作情态动词的will, would与作助动词的will, would的各种形式相同。

(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如______, ________或决心等。would用于________的情况。

John promised his doctor he would not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.( 2008北京高考)

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Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily 约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。

I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。

(2)will可以表示一种_________的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。

Every morning he will have a walk along this river.

每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。

(3)would 可以表示_______的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.

当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。

（

）1．(2011·陕西高考)—

Will you read me a story, Mummy?

— OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A．might

B．must

C．could

D．shall

（

）2．(2011·福建高考)—

Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —

I am afraid you ________，

in case he comes late for the meeting.

A．will

B．must

C．may

D．can （

）3．(2011·上海)I ________ worry about my weekend —

I always have my plans ready before it comes. A．can't

B．mustn't

C．daren't

D．needn't （

）4．(2011·辽宁高考)If you ________go, at least wait until the storm is over. A．can

B．may

C．must

D．Will （

）5．(2011·重庆高考)—

Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

— I wanted to, but my mom simply________ not let me out so late at night. A．could

1．can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“___________”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't 意为“______”，语气很强烈。

It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。

3 B．might

C．would

D．should

Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？

I'm afraid Mr.Harding can't see you now. He's busy.(摘自2010全国卷Ⅱ) 恐怕Mr.Harding现在不能见你，他很忙。

2．may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；

用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“________”，表示一种不太确定的语气。

The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place？(2009辽宁) 这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？

Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.(2009安徽)

言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。

3．must

表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。

—It's the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.—Oh, sorry.(摘自2009湖南高考) ——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。

——噢，对不起。

4．should 用来表示推测时意为“________”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。

There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。

(

)1．(2011·江西高考)It ________be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. A．mustn't

B．can't

C．won't

D．needn't (

)2．(2011·北京高考)—

I don't really like James. Why did you invite him? — Don't worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. A．must not

B．need not

C．would not

D．might not (

)3．(2010·北京高考)—

Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —

Ah，good morning. You ________ be Mrs. Peters. A．might

B．must

C．would

D．can (

)4．(2012·潍坊市模拟)Don't worry. I've just sent an ambulance to you. They ________ be there

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Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily any second. A．could

1．can/could have done表示“_______________________”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can't have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“_________________________-。

—

Do you know where David is？I couldn't find him anywhere. — Well.He can't have gone far — his coat's still here. ——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。

——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。

I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment. 我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。

2．may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。

Sorry, I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。

3．must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“__________________”，语气十分肯定。

Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong­willed man.(摘自2010安徽高考)

杰克说他父亲是个意志坚强的人，多年前他父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩子。

4．should have done表示___________________________________；shouldn't

have done表示__________________________________________。这一用法往往含有________的意味。

I shouldn't have watched that movie —

it'll give me horrible dreams.(摘自2010山东高考) 我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。

5 B．might

C．would

D．should

Problem-based Teaching Method 6+1

Senior 1

Type: new teaching

No._______

Editor: Emily 5．ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际

上却没有做；ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。

You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didn't you come? 昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？

6．needn‘t have done表示本来________某事而实际上却做了。

Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(摘自2010天津) 马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。

(

)1．(2011·新课标全国卷)They ________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

A．will

B．can

C．must

D．should (

)2．(2011·江苏高考)—

I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. — How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone________it.

A．will have stolen

B．might have stolen C．should have stolen

D．must have stolen (

)3．(2012·潍坊市抽样检测)—

They ________ have prepared for the meeting more carefully. — But they didn't. What a pity! A．shouldn't

B．can't

C．may

D．ought to (

)4．(2012·日照高三调研)We ________ have hurried all the way to the airport — the flight was called off because of the foggy weather. A．mustn't

B．couldn't

C．needn't

D．wouldn't

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