Grammar教学实录

M6语法

虚拟语气

【考点1】虚拟语气（1）—if引导的非真实条件句

与过去事实相反

与现在事实相反

与将来事实相反

If从句

had done did/were did were to do should do could/would/might/should+ do 主句

could/would/might/should+ have done 例：

1.

If I were you, I should go and see the doctor at once. 2.

If we had no electricity, what would our life be? 3.

If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions. 4.

If I had valued the true love when I got it, I wouldn’t have greatly regretted when I lost it. 5.

If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we would have played tennis. 6.

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money. 7.

If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 8.

If God offered me another chance right now, I would utter the three words to the girl, “I love you”.

【考点2】虚拟语气（2）—if引导的非真实条件句之省略倒装

如从句中含有助动词were, had, should, 可将if 省略，并将were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装句式。

If I were you＝Were I you, I would take the job.

That would be fine.

②

省略了主句的形式（常用以表示愿望）。

If only I had help you. ③

有许多格言，名句是由条件句省略而来。

Waste not, want not= If you didn’t waste, you would not want. 不浪费，不愁缺。

④

不定式短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。

To hear him from speak English, one would take him for a foreigner. = If one were to hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.如果有人听他说英语，会把他当做是外国人。

⑤

注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气

Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.

Not having finished the work, he couldn't have seen this film.

⑥

介词短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。

But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier. She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have

met her. =If she had not come here yesterday, I would not have met her.

I would have attended the meeting last night, but I was too busy. = If I had not been too busy，I would have attended the meeting. 【考点5】虚拟语气（5）—

宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。

1)与现在事实相反

: wish + (that)+did(were)

2)与过去事实相反

: wish + (that)+had done 3)与将来事实相反

: wish + would/could/might+do 【考点3】虚拟语气（3）—if引导的非真实条件句之混合错综

如主从句中使用不同的时间状语，主从句的虚拟则要依据各自时间状语，这叫混合虚拟条件句或错综时间条件句。

例：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.(be) If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(know) If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.(go) If you hadn't lent me some money, I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.(lend) 【考点6】虚拟语气（6）—

宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

would rather( that) 1)与现在/将来事实相反

: would rather +从句+did(were)

2)与过去事实相反

: would rather +从句+had done I would rather you stayed at home now.

【考点4】虚拟语气（4）—if引导的非真实条件句之含蓄虚拟

有时假设的情况并不是以条件句的形式表示，而是通过一些介词短语或上下文等方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句，其作用与非真实条件句一样，并且可以转换为非真实条件句。with, without, but for, but, otherwise, or else, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中。

例：

①

省略了条件从句，多用于表示强烈的情感。

1 【考点7】虚拟语气（7）—

宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+V原形”

常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个要求, 四个建议

1). insist 2). order, command 3). demand, require, request,

4). advise, suggest, propose ，recommend,(另外还有desire，intend等)

注意：

1）insist作“坚决（主张），坚决（要求）”解时，表示一个主张或一种看法，后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气；作“坚持（说）”，表示一个事实，后接的从句采用陈述语气。

2）suggest作“表明，暗示”用陈述语气；作“建议”时才用虚拟语气。

【考点8】虚拟语气（8）—主语从句中的虚拟语气。

基本句型：

1. It be+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…

过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed，demanded，arranged，decided…

2. It be+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…

形容词: important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising，amazing…

3. It be+名词（

a pity/a shame/ no wonder）

that…+ (should)+动词原形+…

例：It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.

It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient. 【考点9】虚拟语气（9）—表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在

suggestion,

proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision，request，urge等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

例：My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 【考点10】虚拟语气（10）—状语从句中的虚拟语气

用在由as if/though引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would + 动词原形。

in order that / so that引导的目的状语从句中谓语用“can / could / may / might / would/...＋动词原形”Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. They are talking as if they had been friends for years. 【考点11】虚拟语气（11）—If only的虚拟语气

If only 要是…就好了

= wish从句

1)与现在事实相反

: did(were)

2)与过去事实相反

: had done/ could have done 3)与将来事实相反

: would/could/might+do

例：

If my grandmother were with me!(be) 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！(事实是：祖母已不在世) If only she had not left!(not leave) 如果她没走就好了！(事实是：她已经走了)

If only I had taken her advice!(take) 如果我听从了她的建议就好了。(事实是：我没有听从) I wish I could be a pop singer. I wish he had visited us then. ＝ If only he had visited us then.

【考点12】虚拟语气（12）—It’s (about/high) time +that的虚拟语气

It’s (about/high) time +that---过去时/should +V. 例：It’s time that we went to bed.

It’s time that we should go to bed.=It’s time for us to go to bed.

我们该去睡觉了。

【考点13】虚拟语气（13）— may+动词原形。

用

“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首。

Long live ＋主语！

May ＋主语

＋

动词原形！

May you be happy!

祝你快乐！

May you do even better!

祝你取得更大成就

May the friendship last forever! May you succeed! May the plan work! Long live the People's Republic of China！

【考点14】

“情态动词＋have (been) done”表对过去的虚拟

【考点15】常见结构

主语＋would / could / might /... have done , but＋主语＋过去时；主语＋过去时，

otherwise＋主语＋

would / could / might /... have done

I would have gone to help you, but I was too but for sth. ＝

but that＋主语busy.

常见结构

＋过去时＝

without ＋

n. ＝I was too busy, otherwise I would have ＝

if it had not been for ..., 主gone to help you. But for the rain, I would 语＋

would / could / might /... have gone to the cinema. have done 主语＋had wanted / meant / intended / hoped/..., but＋主语＋过去时

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