Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions特级教师教学实录

M6 Unit 3

Understanding each other Period 3 Grammar

虚拟语气

Step1: 虚拟语气：

知识回顾：

语气

(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

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直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

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祈使语气

(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

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虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

Step2: 条件句中的虚拟语气：

知识回顾：

条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：

1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I __________ _________（go）for a picnic.

2. Oil floats if you __________(pour) it on water.

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虚拟条件句（主从句都用虚拟）：

Task 1: Read the sentences and try to summarize the rules: 1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 4. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. 6.If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life. 

规律总结：

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实可能

相反

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混合型的条件句：

If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you

wouldn’t be in the hospital. 

假设条件虚拟倒装:

条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。

7 条件从句

主句

1. If I were you, I would give it up. = ___________________, I would give it up. 2. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

= ____________________________________, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 3. You would have met him if you had come a few minutes earlier.

= ____________________________________, we would have gone to your birthday party. 4. If I should go there tomorrow, I should see him.

= ________________________, I should see him.

Step3:虚拟语气特殊句型：

Task 1: 回顾wish用法并填空: 1. I wish I_________ (be)a bird.（现在）

2. I wish I ____________ __________( make) such a mistake.（过去）

3. We wish our parents ____________ ____________(not punish)us. （将来）

Task 2: 回顾as if\though用法并填空: 1. She loves the baby as if it ___________(be) her own son. 2. I remember the whole thing as if it _____________________(happen) yesterday. 4. They talked as if they _______________(be) friends for years. 5. She cried as if her heart ___________________(break). Task 3: If only …

要是…就好了，从句谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句基本相同。

1.

If only I ______________(know) his name! 2.

If only we ____________ _____________ (follow)your advice! 3.

If only I___________ ____________ (see) him again! 4.

If only he ______________(be) younger! 总结wish/as if(though)/ if only+从句: 现在：__________________________

过去：__________________________ 将来：__________________________ Task 4：回顾would rather 用法并填空: 1.I would rather you ____________(pay) me now. 2. I would rather you ____________ ____________ (go)yesterday, too. 3.Don’t come. I would rather you _______________(come) tomorrow. 总结would rather的宾语从句:

过去:____________________ would rather 现在:_____________________

将来:_____________________ Task5:

It’s (about/high) time +that sb did/should do sth 是某人该做某事的时候了。

句子翻译：

1.

我们该去睡觉了。_______________________________________________

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_______________________________________________ Task 6: 表示坚持，要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。这些词可以分类为: 一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise,recommend 四要求：demand, require, request, urge 翻译句子：

1.

我们建议这位病人戒烟。_________________________________________________ 2.

老师坚持他应该熟记这些单词。__________________________________________________ 3.

他命令立即开始工作。_________________________________________________ 4.

他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。__________________________________________________ 考点须知：以上动词相应的名词（order, advice, suggestion, demand, request等）构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。

1.

It’s suggested that the plan_____________( be) carried out.

2.

My demand is that she _________________( come) to see me once a week. 3.

All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _______________________ (close) down. Task 7: without和but for “要不是”构成虚拟，句中谓语动词采用虚拟语气在条件句中应用时主句的相应形式。

1.

Without sunlight, people’s life ____________ __________ ____________( be)different from today. 2.

But for your help, I___________ ___________ _____________（not finish）the work. 3.

Without your help, I ______________ ____________ ______________ (fail). 4.

But for water, it ____________ _____________ (be)impossible to live in the desert. Task 8:It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that sb should do sth

1.

It is important that we__________________ (master) a foreign language. 2.

It is strange that she _____________________(refuse) to come to the party. 3.

It’s necessary that we ______________________( study) hard.

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