Self-assessmentppt课件配套教案内容

涟源一中2015届高考英语第二轮复习

完形填空

（Ⅰ）解题技巧指导

教学目标：

以2015年湖南省英语《考试说明》为指导，训练和提高学生完型填空的解题能力。

重点难点：语篇理解，句子结构分析，解题技巧。

教学任务：

Task 1: 了解题型

一：命题分析

2015年湖南省英语《考试说明》：主要考查学生对语篇的理解能力，对行文逻辑的推理判断能力以及英语词汇知识的运用能力。要求学生在短文所设计的语言情境中，淡化语法，侧重语篇，体现语用。湖南高考英语完形填空（Ⅰ）为12空的选择型模式，所占分值比例较大，并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前，因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大，完形填空做得好，则我们学生对后面的试题就越有信心。

二：命题特点

1.内容新，立意高，构思巧，富有时代意义或教育意义。

2.体裁大都具有一定故事情节的记叙文，也可能是叙议结合、富有哲理的议论文；

3.句式结构不复杂，知识内涵不超出中学生的认知水平；

4.首句不设空。

5.题材生活化，记叙文为主

6.以考查实词为主（2014年湖南高考英语：

名词4动词4形容词3连词1）

7.重语义语篇，无语法题。

8.总字数300左右，设空最大间隔不超过30w, 最小不超过5w. 9.易中难比例3:6:3 10.四个选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，干扰性、迷惑性大。

三：考情统计

首先命题组要根据考试大纲和说明的要求，从英美国家杂志或网站上寻找一篇千字左右的文章，然后改造成一篇难度和长度都很合适的、适宜挖空的二百词左右的语言材料。该语言材料在选材和体裁上一般具有以下特点：

1. 选材

湖南高考完形填空（Ⅰ）选文主题鲜明，结构严谨，逻辑性强，篇章调理清晰，叙事通畅明了，语言地道生动，内容亲切、富有哲理、颇具教育意义，符合中学生的阅读兴趣。例如2014年湖南卷：记叙文，

“妈妈通过教孩子熨衣服，使孩子学会如何处理生活中棘手之事”；

2013年湖南卷：记叙文，“作者曾经有过一次离家出走的经历，妈妈巧妙的让作者意识到他还没有独立自主的能力而主动回家”；

告诉读者要消除叛逆。珍惜当下，懂得感恩。2012年湖南卷：

记叙文，“作者在对自己牙齿间隙的顾虑和思考的过程中认识到差异才有真善美的人生哲理”。2011年湖南卷：记叙文，以第一人称的口吻讲述了在社区图书馆的经历，告诉读者要通过尝试与陌生人交流来增进彼此了解以及构建互相关爱的社会氛围的重要性和迫切性。2010年湖南卷：记叙文，以第一人称的口吻讲述了Beans

1

识途但不重走旧路的故事，告诉读者要敢于探索和超越，做出正确的选择。

2. 体裁

从体裁来看，近几年湖南高考完形填空（Ⅰ）通常以记叙文和夹叙夹议的文章为主。

2012-2014年湖南高考英语完形填空Section A题型分析

年份

2014 2013 2012 词数

体裁

304

310

294

记叙文

培养生活技能

记叙文

离家出走

记叙文

对美的看法

主

题

名词

4

3

5 动词

形容词

（短语）

4

5

5

3

2

1 连词

1

2

1

Task 2 掌握技巧

四

：完形填空（Ⅰ）解题技巧

1.

巧用首句信息

综观近年来高考英语的命题规律，完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但首句往往不设空，通常是个完整的句子。这个句子往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，它是了解全文的窗口，首句一般暗示了文章的主题、背景、时间、地点、人物以及事件的起因等，这些元素实际上给了我们理解原文和选择正确答案限定了范围，指明了方向。

（示例）2014 (湖南高考卷) The summer before I went off to college, Mom

人物

一

stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (烫衣板) and said, “Pay

人物二

地点

attention: I’m going to teach you to iron.”

事件

2. 依照词汇的再现和重复挖空

一般来说，在一篇完整的文章中，单词和语句共同构成一张语义网络。在这个语义网络里，很多字词都有不同形式的再现和重复。命题组老师根据文章上下文构成的语义场，选取那些重复的词，那些在其他地方或明或暗提示的词。有选择的找出这些词，将它们挖掉，供考生处理的空格就出来了。同现词之间有同义、反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如differently与in difference；different与same，similar；cruel与friendly；ill与pale，patient，doctor，operation等，根据此相关信息确定答案。“词语复现”有原词复现，同源词复现(即同根词)、同义词或近义词复现，如ill与sickness，上下义复现(即概括与分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose是flower的下义词); 反义复现(如wrong与right)等。

（示例1）2014 (湖南高考卷)The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (烫衣板)and said, “Pay

2

attention: I’m going to teach you to iron.”

Mom clearly explained her

36 reasons for this lesson……

As for technique, Mom

43

me to begin with the flat spaces outward, pushing the iron forward into wrinkled (有褶皱的）parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your face, where everyone would

44 see them. 43.

A. taught

B. chose

C. forced

D. sent 分析：正确答案选A

命题人之所以挖空43空是因为第一段有提示信息“Pay attention: I’m going to teach you to iron.”43 空的taught正是此句中teach的重现。

（示例2）“I have a brilliant design for our egg container! A protective one！”

I said when Cassie arrived.“We can

the egg with some butter cream.”

A．protect

B．replace

C．carry

D．mix

解析

考查同根词复现。根据文中的“a protective one”可知，此处要用protective的动词形式protect“保护，防护”。故选A项。

（示例3）...It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her ________ back....

A．bag

B．walker

C．tray

D．coat

解析

考查原词复现。前一句是：你的这个托盘架对你似乎很有用，但是，我们现在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盘”。根据前面部分出现的tray stand，他们是想拿回“我”误拿的托盘。故tray正确。故答案为C项。

（示例4）(2014·新课标卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this

41 .

at work in people of all

42

(ages)．

41．A. principle

B．habit

C．way

D．power 解析：答案：A

同义词复现。通常说来当各种活动变成常规的时候都会让人厌倦。实际上这一定律在各个年龄段的人身上都有反映。第一段出现短语“As a general rule”，本空填principle“定律”，呼应名词rule。

（示例5）(2014·山东高考)The parrot said, “Your

12

is really ugly.”

The man got very 13 (angry) and went to the store owner and said, “Your bird just 14 (offended) my wife. It said she was ugly.”

12．A. wife

B．sister

C．mother

D．daughter 解析：答案：A 原词复现。下文中“Your bird ... my wife. It said she was ugly.”照应12题所在句，属于原词重现。

3.未设空的文字一定是重要线索

一篇二百词左右的文章挖空后，不能影响到考生对全文大意和主旨的把握。

为了保证题目可解，待选空格的内容实际上必须要在保留的残缺不全的文章中给出提示，这就是命题者遵循的“重复原则”。依据这一原则，每一个空格所对应的正确选项应该在文章中其他句子或段落中有所再现和重复，“重复原则”是完形填空（Ⅰ）解题的出发点和落脚点。

（示例1）2014 (湖南高考卷) Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of

41 . If you touched the wrong part of it, you’d get burnt . If you forgot to turn it off when you

42 went away , you might bum down the house . 41. A. doubt

B. pressure

C. surprise

D. danger

3

分析：选D 命题人之所以挖此空格，是因为此空后面的“you’d get burnt”和“you might bum down the house”为本空的解题提供重要的线索-----.熨斗产生蒸汽，且带有危险。

4. 正确选项是唯一的

这条看似显然的规律也能对解题有所帮助。例如在四个选项中期中两个选项是一对同义词或近义词，那么这两个选项就同事可以被排除了。这条规律我们称之为“同义必同错”。

But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had

34

a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was

35 . 35. A. punished

B. refused

C. blamed D. fired

分析: 选B 从词义来看A、C两项属于近义词，都有“惩罚，责备”之意，这两个选项为同义选项，故可以利用“同义必同错”规律把这两项都排除掉。

5. 各选项的语法形式是一致的

语法形式一致，一般指的是词性或词形变化一致。例如同是四个动词，或者四个连词，或者四个形容词的最高级，或者四个过去分词，或者四个名词的复数等。

（示例1）2014 (湖南高考卷) 36. A. reasons

B. rules

C. emotions

D. methods 37.A. helpful

B. confident

C. powerful

D. independent 38. A. conclusion

B. suggestion

C. impression

D. observation 39. A. useful

B. easy

C. special

D. suitable 40. A. direct

B. single

C. smooth

D. strange 41. A. doubt

B. pressure

C. surprise

D. danger 42. A. went away

B. fell down

C. jumped off

D. looked up 43. A. taught

B. chose

C. for

D. sent 44. A. touch

B. design

C. see

D. admire 45. A. honesty

B. freedom

C. justice

D. pride 46. A. Instead

B. Besides

C. Otherwise

D. However 47. A. Make up

B. Deal with

C Ask for

D. Rely on

分析：36-47中12个题的选项的词性和语法形式完全一致。

6.三个干扰选项之间的干扰程度各不相同

命题者在设置干扰选项时，并不是随心所欲，是经过缜密设计的。从语法或单句看，干扰项与前后文字都可以形成搭配，对考生具有一定的迷惑作用。一般情况下，有两个干扰项较容易排除，剩下的一个干扰项则具有很强的迷惑性，是误选率最高的一个。一般解题时，我们都能轻易的排除两个选项，在剩下的两个之间反复斟酌改来改去，最后往往选的是那个干扰项。为了尽量避免干扰项的误导，应该在读文章的时候就先进行大致的分析推理，之后再看选项，尽量不要直接把选项一一带入阅读。

比如，有时候一对反义词或表示相反概念的词同时在四个选项中，正确答案很可能就在其中，这就是所谓的“反义多一对”。

（示例1）2014 (福建高考卷) So it was with really great

40

that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and

41 watched

my 68-year-old father sweating in his shirt

42 before

rising to play the piano in his very first recital.

4

40.

A. trouble

B. satisfaction

C. strength

D. disappointment 分析：

选项B

satisfaction (满意) 和选项D

disappointment（失望）为一对反义词，本题可以利用“反义多一对”规律排除A、C两项。

7.根据上下文暗示选出题目答案

（1）(2014·四川高考

)It's

11

for a grouse to have any contact (接触) with people. In fact, they're hard to spot,

12(because)

they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching. 11．A. interesting

B．reasonable

C．impossible

D．unusual 答案：D 解析：根据下文中的“they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching”可知，松鸡与人接触是不同寻常的。故11空处应选D，unusual“罕见的，异乎寻常的”。

（2）(2014·湖南高考

)Mom clearly explained her

36

for this lesson. I was going to be 37 (independent) and needed to learn this vital skill. Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good 38 (impression)．

36．A. reasons

B．rules

C．emotions

D．methods 解析：根据下文中的“I was going to be ... a good

38 (impression)．”可知，这些是母亲向作者解释学习熨烫衣服的原因。选A。

8．利用逻辑关系语解题

逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分，主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等。(2)短语，如in other words, in addition, as a result, on the contrary, instead of 等。(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, generally speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项

试着根据逻辑关系语选出题目答案。

(2014·山东高考)She had 34 (applied for)

a doctor's license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was

35

.

35．A. punished

B．refused

C．blamed

D．fired 解析：上文说她申请行医执照，而句中but表明前后文是转折关系，由此可以判断此处是指她没有被批准。故选B。

（2014·天津) 27_(Faced_with) difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn't know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a __28__ attitude. 28．A. different

B．friendly

C．positive

D．general

Task 3 记住解题步骤

解完形填空题的4个步骤

1．细读首句，预测主题

完形填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，因此它往往是了解文章全貌的“窗口”；根据首句可判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对我们理解全文有重要的启示作用。

2．通览全文，掌握大意

做完形填空时考生应根据首句给予的提示，借助文中的关键词，全面理解

5

全文大意。快速通读全文，理清脉络，抓住主线，做到全局在握是正确解答完形填空题的首要前提。

3．把握全篇，瞻前顾后；左顾右盼，先易后难

(1)瞻前顾后，不要忘记首尾照应。大家在注意到首句重要性的同时，也不要忽视尾句画龙点睛的作用。另外要牢记文章的中心思想，每个空格处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。

(2)先易后难，就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的直接的、明显的答案，诸如固定词组、常见句型等。这就增强了信心，减轻了心理压力，以便集中精力解决难度较大的选项。

4．复核验证，敲定答案

填空全部完成后，还要通读一遍，根据文章的中心思想以及各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。

Task 4 Consolidation 典例精讲

When I was a teenager, I volunteered to give out water at a marathon. Watching the different runners who passed by and grabbed a cup was

1

.The next year I signed up for the race. I did little preparation and my only goal was to finish. On the day of the race, it was 2 hot. I remember struggling at about the 5th mile,thinking,“I am never doing this again!”

Have you ever felt that way about something?You eagerly choose a goal 3 soon realize it is

4

to achieve than you imagined it would be. That first 10 km race was quite an experience. I jogged, I walked, I jogged and I walked. Then

5 a decisive moment. Near the end, a 70-year-old man ran past me. I felt

6__

that I was younger than him but I couldn’t keep up with him. I felt defeated for a second but then I realized 7 . He was running his race and I was running mine. He had different experience, training and goals and I had mine.

8 in life do we

9 ourselves with others and feel disappointed in ourselves when we really shouldn’t? I decided, then, that one day I would be one of those 70-year-olds who were still running.

10 I crossed the finish line, I was proud of my achievement. Since then I have run several races and run purely for fun.

In life we all

11 compare ourselves with others, which is only natural but don’t let them weaken you.

12 , you should use them to inspire you and show you what is possible. Then you are a true winner. 1.A.pleasing

B.interesting

C.inspiring

D.amazing 2.A.extremely

B.strangely

C.sadly

D.certainly 3.A.and

B.but

C.while

D.or 4.A.easier

B.harder

C.better

D.worse 5.A.went

B.flew

C.happened

D.came 6.A.exhausted

B.disappointed

C.embarrassed

D.annoyed 7.A.something

B.anything

C.everything

D.nothing 8.A.How many

B.How much

C.How often

D.How old

6

9.A.cooperate

B.compare

C.combine

D.compromise 10.A.When

B.Because

C.Since

D.Until 11.A.hardly

B.sometimes

C.always

D.never 12.A.Furthermore

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Instead 参考答案：

CABBD

CACBA

BD

7