Lesson 4 Understandingppt配套教案和课堂实录

Period Four

Lesson 4

Understanding

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．

vt.获得；得到

2．

n．思考，考虑

n．&v.想法，想，认为

3．

adj.值得的

adj.值得的

4．

n．保卫，保护

vi.&vt.保卫，防守

5．

vt.忽视，不顾

n．无知，愚昧

6．

adj.不情愿的，不愿意的

n．不情愿，不愿意

7．

v．赞成；认可；满意

n．批准；赞成；认可

8．

vt.力劝，强烈要求

9．

v．启发；鼓舞

n．灵感，鼓舞

10．

n．阴影，影子

11．

adj.传统的，保守的

12．

n．文明，文化

13．

adj.极其重要的

14．

adj.有用的，有益的

vt.使受益

15．

vt.假定，假设

n．假定，设想

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．

习惯于

2．

反对，违背

3．

往往会，倾向于

4．

赞成，赞许

5．

把某人投进监狱

6．

换句话说

Ⅲ.重点句式

1．It＋be＋adj.＋that从句

is not surprising

people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC)．

人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322)提出来的。

2．that引导宾语从句

We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know

we don’t know it all and probably never will，for that would mean a world without questions. 我们要感谢过去的伟人的智慧，他们知道我们不完全了解，而且可能永远都不会完全了解。因为那就意味着这个世界没有了疑问。

3．whenever引导让步状语从句

Ben tends to lie

he feels he might get into trouble. 每当本感到会有麻烦的时候，他常会撒谎。

Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F) 1．People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.(

) 2．Most people in Bacon’s time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.(

) 3．People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.(

) 4．Galilei proved that the Earth wasn’t the centre of the universe，but he also made a mistake.(

) 5．We would get more knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.(

) Ⅱ.课文阅读理解

1．What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding? A．To find answers. B．To study the facts. C．To test answers. D．To put forward questions.

2．Who solve problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage? A．People nowadays. B．People in the 17th century. C．Modern scientists and thinkers. D．The great philosopher Aristotle. 3．People in the 17th century didn’t believe Galileo Galilei because

. A．they believed more in religion B．the Earth was standing still C．Bacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universe D．Galilei couldn’t prove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe 4．What’s the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph? A．Aristotle was wrong. B．It’s unbelievable for great men to be wrong. C．Galilei was wrong. D．Everyone can be wrong at times. 5．What’s the main idea of the sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？

A．All truths are easy to discover. B．It’s most important to discover truths. C．It’s more important to understand truths than to discover them. D．If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.

重点词汇

1．Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us... 尽管我们现在更习惯于用搜索引擎输入几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案……

[归纳拓展]

(1)be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事

(2)accustom vt.使习惯于

accustom sb./oneself to doing/n.使某人/自己习惯于……

[语境助记]

(1)They find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become

accustomed.(2015·浙江) 他们发现自己工作是为了维持他们那么快就已经习惯了的生活方式。

(2)I am accustomed to cold weather. 我习惯于寒冷的天气。

(3)I get accustomed to working inside the room of noise. ＝I accustom myself to working inside the room of noise. 我习惯于在喧闹的房间里工作。

[题组训练]

(1)用所给词的正确形式填空

①We have got accustomed to

(live) in an air-conditioned room. ②You must learn to accustom

(you) to hard work. (2)单句改错

He is accustomed to hear noise，because he lives right in the center of the city. (3)句型转换

I am not used to getting up so early. →I am

getting up so early. 2．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。

[归纳拓展1]

(1)tend to do sth.往往会，倾向于……

tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向于……

tend (to) sb./sth.照料，照管

(2)tendency n．倾向；趋势

have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事

[语境助记1]

(1)Researchers found that it tended to be more positive than negative.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 研究者发现它往往会是积极的而不是消极的。

(2)I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.(2015·浙江) 为了集体的利益，我往往会牺牲我自己的利益。

(3)Doctors and nurses tended to the patients carefully during the outbreak of SARS. 非典时期医生和护士悉心照料病人。

[题组训练1]

单句语法填空

(1)I’m tending

your plan rather than his. (2)I have a

(tend) to talk too much when I’m nervous. (3)We tend

(have) a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.(2015·浙江) (4)Vegetables tend to

more expensive in winter. [归纳拓展2]

(1)ignore vt.忽视，不顾；不理睬

(2)ignorant adj.无知的，不知道的

be ignorant of/about...对……不了解；对……无知

(3)ignorance n．无知；不知情

[语境助记2]

(1)In this area the French law is often ignored.(2016·四川) 在这一地区，法国法律通常被忽视。

(2) He’s completely ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。

[题组训练2]

用ignore的正确形式填空

(1)I’m not suggesting you

problems.(2015·福建) (2)At that time I was

of events going on elsewhere. (3)His failure resulted from his

. (4)I said hello to her，but she

(ignore) me completely!

3．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC)．

人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322)提出来的。

[归纳拓展]

put forward提出；向前移；将……提前；将钟表拨快；拿出，出示；推举，推荐

put away储存；收起来放好

put off推迟

put up挂起，举起；贴；供给……住宿

put up with忍受

[语境助记]

(1)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.(2016·福建) 经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。

(2)Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary? 我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？

[题组训练]

(1)用put短语的正确形式填空

①They

a board where they could

notices. ②What a good plan you have

！

③My mother opened the drawer to

the knives and spoons. ④Never

till tomorrow what may be done today. ⑤I don’t know how you

their constant quarrelling. (2)单句改错

An argument has put forward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real. 4．At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们生气了，并把他关进了监狱。

[归纳拓展1]

(1)approve of (doing) sth.赞成/同意(做)某事

approve vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过

(2)approval n．批准，认可，赞成

(3)disapprove v．不赞成，不同意

[语境助记1]

(1)The following items are approved for use in residential rooms.(2015·天津) 下列东西被批准在宿舍使用。

(2)From what is mentioned above，I approve of the picture in the top right corner.(2015·上海) 根据以上提到的，我赞同右上角那幅图。

(3)I hope the arrangements meet with your approval. 我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。

[题组训练1]

(1)单句语法填空

①He doesn’t approve of me

(leave) school this year. ②The father didn’t approve

his daughter’s marriage to the lawyer at first. ③I can’t give my

(approve) to such an arrangement. (2)单句改错

Personally，I do approve students writing blogs. [归纳拓展2]

(1)urge vt.力劝，强烈要求；n.强烈的欲望；冲动

urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事，怂恿某人做某事

urge sth.on/upon sb.大力推荐，竭力主张

urge that sb.(should) do...强烈要求某人……

(2)urgent adj.紧急的

(3)urgency n．紧急，紧迫；紧急的事

[语境助记2]

(1)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏) 父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。

(2)He urged the necessity of patience on us. 他极力主张我们必须忍耐。

(3)We urge that systems (should) be put in place to prevent such accidents. 我们要求把各个系统落实好以防止这类事故的发生。

[题组训练2]

(1)用urge的正确形式填空

①In case of

，call the police. ②This work is not

；we can do it tomorrow. (2)一句多译

他催我们走。

①He urged

. ②He urged

. ③He urged that

. (3)单句改错

Many students urged that the school reading room was kept open during the vacation. 5．But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。

[归纳拓展]

(1)inspire v．鼓舞；启发

inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

inspire sb.with sth.(＝inspire sth.in sb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)

(2)inspired adj.获得灵感的；受到鼓舞的

(3)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

(4)inspiration n．鼓舞，启发，灵感

[语境助记]

(1)She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.(2016·江苏) 她希望鼓励牙买加人放下他们的武器。

(2)Viewing childhood development offers an inspiring look at science.(2016·江苏) 研究孩子的发展可以让人们更好地了解科学。

[题组训练]

单句语法填空

(1)The discovery inspired us

(look) for fossils. (2)His encouraging remarks inspired me

confidence. (3)All of us

by his

speech.(inspire) (4)With

(inspire) from other food cultures，American food culture can take a turn for the better. (5)For the 150 years since his passing，one generation after another

(inspire) by his writings. 6．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world. 这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人会说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。

[归纳拓展1]

vital adj.极其重要的

be vital to/for对……极为重要

It’s vital to do sth.做某事极其重要

It’s vital that ...(should)do...……至关重要

注意：vital可用作定语和表语。用作表语时，后面可接介词for或to引起的短语，表示“对……极其重要”。

[语境助记1]

(1)Luck plays a vital role in Judy’s survival.(2015·陕西) 幸运在Judy的幸存中扮演了主要角色。

(2)Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。

(3)What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015·江苏)

更糟糕的是，有些司机、骑车者和行人认为遵守交通法规不重要。

[题组训练1]

单句语法填空

(1)Interest is as vital

learning as the ability to understand，even more so. (2)It is vital that everyone

(receive) good education. (3)It is vital

(be) honest with our friends. [归纳拓展2]

(1)beneficial adj.有用的，有益的

be beneficial to...对……有益

(2)benefit v．有益于，得益于；n.益处，好处

benefit from/by...从……中受益

for the benefit of sb.(＝for sb.’s benefit)为了某人的利益；为帮助某人

be of benefit to...对……有益

[语境助记2]

(1)Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.(2015·陕西) 父母的介入并不像期望的那样有益处。

(2)Sunshine and fresh air are beneficial to your recovery from illness. 阳光和新鲜空气对你病情的恢复有益。

(3)Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.(2015·浙江) 好的意见值得坚持，因为它们对我们所有人都有好处。

(4)Both sides have benefited from the talks. 双方都从会谈中受益。

[题组训练2]

(1)用benefit的正确形式填空

①The new regulations will be of

to everyone concerned. ②We should spend the money on something that will

everyone. ③A good diet is

to health. (2)一句多译

据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。

①It is said that yoga is of

to human health. ②It is said that yoga is

to human health. (3)句型转换

Exercise can benefit people. →People can

the exercise.

7．Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth? 为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？

[归纳拓展]

(1)assume vt.假定，假设；承担(责任) assume that...认为/假定……

assume＋n.＋(to be) n．/adj.认为……是……

It is (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为……

assuming (that)．..假定/假如……

(2)assumption n．假设，假定

make an assumption/assumptions about对……作出假设，假定

on the assumption that假设

[语境助记]

(1)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.(2016·江苏) 在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。

(2)I have always assumed her to be an American. 我一直以为她是美国人。

(3)It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。

[题组训练]

单句语法填空

(1)My calculations were based on the

(assume) that house prices would remain steady. (2)

(assume) you are a doctor，what should you do with the matter? (3)It was assumed

those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.(2015·江苏) 经典句式

It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC)．

人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322)提出来的。

[归纳拓展]

It is not surprising that...表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。

“It’s＋adj.＋that...”常用以表示“……令人感到……”。

[语境助记]

(1)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out.(2016·北京) 青年人很可能会发脾气这并不足为奇。

(2)Nowadays it is not surprising to see a man with long hair. 现在见到一个留长发的男士不足为奇了。

(3)It is surprising that he should win the election. 他竟然当选真是令人感到吃惊。

[题组训练]

单句语法填空

(1)It’s a wonder

he ever reached Paris，because he set off with only 5 in his pocket. (2)It is

(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. (3)It is not surprising

your cousin hasn’t passed the exam. 难句分析

1．At that time，people believed more in religion than in facts and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.

句式分析：本句是由and连接的

，在第二个分句中who引导一个

从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei。

自主翻译：

。

2．We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will，for that would mean a world without questions.

句式分析：本句是一个复合句，其中to know that we don’t know...是不定式作

；for引导的是

从句。

自主翻译：

。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．When I saw Jane，I stopped and smiled，but she i

me and walked away. 2．He is never

(不愿意的) to acknowledge defeat. 3．Mr.Smith gradually a

a knowledge of the subject. 4．Becky stood up in her brother’s d

，saying that he was not the one to blame. 5．She seemed to

(赞成) of my choice.

6．China has a long history of c

. 7．“Good morning” is a

(传统的) greeting. 8．Your progress will u

us to work hard. 9．We need someone who can

(鼓舞) the team. 10．We are working on the

(假设)that everyone invited will turn up. Ⅱ.选词填空

go against，tend to，approve of，put in prison，be accustomed to

11．He

the hot weather there. 12．Don’t

your mother’s wishes. 13．Her parents

her marriage though they have different opinions. 14．He

get angry too easily. 15．He will

for a very long time. Ⅲ.完成句子

16．

(每当我不高兴时)，it is my friend who cheers me up. 17．

(人们普遍认为) stress is caused by too much work. 18．I’m glad to know

(你已康复)．

19．This matter is

(值得注意)．

20．

(不足为奇) different peoples have different cultures. Ⅳ.课文语法填空

“Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much.” said Francis Bacon.Now it seems obvious 21.

we acquire knowledge and understanding.22.

，in the 17th century，people believed more in religion 23.

in facts.People with scientific new ideas may be punished by the church.As a result，people tended to ignore the facts and were 24.

(will) to challenge 25.

they had believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and 26.

(respect) says that something is right，then it must be 27.

. But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is 28.

(constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and 29.

of us can simply say，“We know it all.”“All truths are easy to understand once they 30.

(discover)；the point is to discover them，” said Galileo Galilei.

答案精析

基础自测

Ⅰ.1.acquire

2.thinking；think

3.worthy；worth

4.defence；defend

5.ignore；ignorance

6.unwilling；unwillingness

7.approve；approval

8.urge

9.inspire；inspiration

10.shadow

11.conventional

12.civilisation

13.vital

14.beneficial；benefit

15.assume；assumption Ⅱ.1.be accustomed to

2.go against

3.tend to

4.approve of

5.put sb.in prison

6.in other words Ⅲ.1.It；that

2.that

3.whenever 课文预读

Ⅰ.1.T

2.F

3.F

4.T

5.T Ⅱ.1.D

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.B 要点探究

重点词汇

1．(1)①living

②yourself

(2)He is accustomed to center of the city.

(3)not；accustomed；to 2．题组训练1 (1)towards/to

(2)tendency

(3)to have

(4)be 题组训练2 (1)ignore

(2)ignorant

(3)ignorance

(4)ignored 3．(1)①put up；put up

②put forward

③put away ∧④put off

⑤put up with

(2)An argument has been

put forward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real. 4．题组训练1 ∧(1)①leaving

②of

③approval

(2)Personally，I do approve of

students writing blogs. 题组训练2 (1)①urgency

②urgent

(2)①us to go

②our going

③we (should) go

(3)Many students urged that the school reading room was

kept open during the vacation. behear

noise，because he lives right in the hearing5．(1)to look

(2)with

(3)were inspired；inspiring (4)inspiration

(5)has been inspired 6．题组训练1

(1)to

(2)(should) receive

(3)to be 题组训练2 (1)①benefit

②benefit

③beneficial

(2)①great benefit

②very beneficial

(3)benefit；from 7．(1)assumption

(2)Assuming

(3)that 经典句式

(1)that

(2)amazing

(3)that 难句分析

1．并列句；非限制性定语

那时人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略(1564－1642)这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人替他们辩护。

2．后置定语；原因状语

我们要感谢过去的伟人的智慧，他们知道我们不完全了解，而且可能永远都不会完全了解。因为那就意味着这个世界没有了疑问。

当堂达标

Ⅰ.1.ignored

2.unwilling

3.acquired

4.defence

5.approve

6.civilisation

7.conventional

8.urge

9.inspire

10.assumption Ⅱ.11.is accustomed to

12.go against

13.approve of

14.tends to

15.be put in prison Ⅲ.16.Whenever I’m unhappy

17.It is generally assumed that

18.that you have got well

19.worthy of attention 20．It is not surprising that Ⅳ.21.how

22.However

23.than

24.unwilling 25．what

26.respected

27.so

28.constantly 29．none

30.are discovered