Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions教案教学设计导入设计

M6U3 Grammar虚拟条件句

Step 1 Lead-in

Let students watch the video --《If I were a boy》,and then pay attention to the lyrics to find out the subjunctive mood.

Step 2 Mood 语气(Mood)：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

1.陈述语气（indicative mood）

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句或某些感叹句。

We are not ready.

What a fine day it is! 2.祈使语气（imperative mood）

表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请和命令等。

Open the door, please. 3.

虚拟语气（subjunctive mood ）

表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were you, I would not leave her alone.

Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.

May you succeed!

1

Step 3 “if” Conditionals

a.

真实条件句

表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。

e.g If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. b.

虚拟条件句

表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的，采用虚拟语气。

e.g If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. Step 4 Unreal conditionals

1.

If I were a superman, I could protect people who are in danger. If I lived on the moon, I might see

the beauty—Chang’e.

以上例句谈论的都是与现在事实相反的情况

If+主语+ did(were) , 主语

+ would/should/could/might +动词原形

2.

If my brother had been here yesterday ,everything would have been all right. If the brave old man hadn’t helped the lady, he couldn’t have been injured. 以上例句谈论的都是与过去事实相反的情况

If+主语+ had done sth,主语+ would/should/could/might+have done

3.

If I got time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. If I were to have free time this Friday, I would go to the party.

以上例句谈论的都是与将来事实相反的情况

If+主语

+ did (were to do /should do)，

2

主语

+ would/should/could/might + 动词原形

4.

Conclusion 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

5.

Practice

Step 5 Special Usage 1.错综时间条件句

如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整，这种句子也叫混合虚拟条件句。

例:

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 2.

If从句的省略倒装现象

如果条件状语从句的谓语动词含有were, had(助动词), should,有时可将连词if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后，注意如果是否定句，not不提前。

例:

If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.

3 从句

主句

Should he come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. 3.含蓄条件句

有时虚拟条件不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或用with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示，也就是说，虽然没有出现if，但表示的是if的含义，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。

a. 句中含有with, without, but for, or, otherwise, or else等。

(1) Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

= If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

=But for your help, I would not have passed this exam. (2) I don’t have your telephone number, otherwise/or I would have called you back. = If I had your number, I would have called you back. b. 通过上下文来虚拟

I would have given you more money, but I was poor then. c.省去条件从句或主句：

表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

1)

省去条件从句

如：You could have washed your clothes yourself.

你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了(If you have wanted to) (事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗).

4

2)

省去主句(常用以表示愿望) 如：If my grandmother were with me!

如果我的祖母和我在一起多好呀！(事实是：祖母已不在世。）

Step 6 Consolidation

1. If I ____ with her last summer, I ___ with her now. A.worked; am getting on very well

B.had worked; would get on very well C. had worked; would have got on very well D.had worked; will get on very well 2. _____your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received

B. Should I received C. If I could have received

D. Had I received Step 7 Chain game

Direction :

1.A stands for one student, B,C,D each stands for another student of your group.

2.This group competition is designed to speak out as many sentences as possible with unreal conditionals. E.g. If I were a teacher, I would …

Step 8 Summary

5

6