Appendix III Grammar glossary多媒体教案及点评

the Passive Voice

The teaching aims: 1.

Keep the form of the passive voice in mind. 2.

Master how to change the active voice into the passive voice. The teaching important points: Master how to change the active voice into the passive voice. The teaching method: The multimedia The teaching procedure: Step1

Lead-in 1.

show students the two forms of voices in English. 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态

We

speak

English.

主动语态

主语

谓语

宾语

English

is spoken

by us.

被动语态

宾变主,主变宾,前加by

1. Tom broke the window.

The window was broken by Tom.

2.He broke the windows.

The windows were broken by him.

Be要随着主语变

逻辑主语by来引

2.练习: 用be动词的正确形式填空. 1.A knife _________ used to cut apples.

2. The air

_________ polluted already.

3.The rooms ________cleaned later.

4. The students _______ asked to have breakfast.

5.They should_______ encouraged to study hard.

6.Not only he but also I _____ punished last night.

1.He is often ___________ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)

2.The book ___________ by him last year. ( write )

3 .A new subway _____________ (build) next year.

of satellites ______________ (send) up into the space so far.

4. They said they _________________ (invite) to the party already.

5 .Young trees should ______________(water) often.

2.

解题策略

1.)看主语和动词的关系选语态

2.)看时间状语定时态

3.)看主语析主谓一致

4.)看过去分词查拼写

被动语态的基本结构:

be+done

Step2 Summary 被动语态在不同时态中的形式：

一般现在时(do/ does): _____________________

一般过去时(did)：

______________________

一般将来时(will/ shall do)：__________________

过去将来时(would do)：

___________________

现在进行时(am/is/are doing)：___________________

过去进行时(was/were doing)：___________________

现在完成时(have/has done)：

____________________

过去完成时(had done)：

__________________

将来完成时(will have done)_____________________

含情态动词的：

_____________________

Step3被动语态中的特殊情况:

1.不及物动词不用于被动语态

appear，rise，die，happen

, belong to, break out，take place。

(1)Great changes have been taken place in my hometown 。(

)

(2)Great changes have

taken place in my hometown。(

)

3 Great events___in our country during the past 20 years.

A.

have happened

B. happened

C. have been happened

D. were happened

2．在被动语态中不可省略to的情况。在主动语态中，感官动词，役使动词省略宾语补足语to，但在被动语态中要还原to（see, hear,watch, observe,notice,listen to,make ,have, help）

1. We saw him get on the bus.

He was seen to get on the bus.

2. The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.

A.

was made to clean

B. made clean

C. made to clean

D. was made clean

主动:

see / hear sb. do sth/sb. be seen / heard to do sth /make sb.do sth. sb. be made to do sth 被动:

主动:make sb.do sth.

sb. be made to do sth. 被动:

3:表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态，

lack，hold，cost，contain，have

1.The book costs 10 yuan。（

）

2.The book is cost 10 yuan（

）

4.

被动语态中，要保持短语动词的完整性，固定短语中的介词或副词切不可遗漏

1. Children should ___.

A. take good care of

B. be taken good care

C. be taken good care of

5. 主动形式表示被动意义

1.The flower ___sweet.

A

is smelling

B is smelled

C.smells

2.The desk____soft.

A

feel

B .is felt

C. feels

D. is feeling

3. This pen ___ well.

A. is sold

B. sell

C. sells

4.This kind of cloth

(wash )easily.

注意问题：有些动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.read,sell, last, wash, write等带状语（well, easily)时。

如:Her book sells well.

2.感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste等与形容词连用时。

如：The cake tastes delicious.

6. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

He

gave

me

a book. (变被动）

主语

谓语

间宾

直宾

1. I was given a book by him. (间宾作主）

2. A book was given to me by him.

My mother bought

me

a birthday cake.

主语

谓语

间宾

直宾

1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.

2. A birthday cake was bought

for me by my

mother.

带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：

原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。

间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。

直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。

变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有：14个

bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, refuse, leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.

变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有：5个

buy, get, do, pay, sing.

Step4 Practice Answer right or wrong 1.必须照看好孩子们。

The children must be taken good care .(

)

The children must be taken good care of .(

)

2.这本书是鲁迅写的。

This book was wrote by Lu Xun.(

)

This book was written by Lu Xun.(

)

3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。

That pencil was given me by him yesterday.(

)

That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.(

)

4.这辆自行车能修吗？

Can this bike mended?(

)

Can this bike be mended?(

)

5.街道已由他们清理了。

The street has been cleaned by they.(

)

The street has been cleaned by them.(

)

二、变被动语态

1.People use knives for cutting things.

Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.

2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.

The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.

3. We found the ticket on the floor .

________________________on the

floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time.

She ______ _______ to return the book in time.

5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.

He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.

6.Now people can

use computers

to help them.

Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them.

7. Did you

plant

many trees at this time last year?

_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?

8.Must we finish our work today?

_______ our work______ _______ today?

9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.

1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.

2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.

10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.

Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.

11.In this factory women do most of

the work.

Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory.

12.He can mend the bike in two days.

The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.

13.You must take this medicine three times a day.

This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day.

14.The students in this school study German.

German _______ ________ by the students in this school.

15.Do they often talk about this question?

______ this question often

_______ about _______ _______?

必背！动词短语的被动语态：

take care of → be taken care of

cut down → be cut down

laugh at → be laughed at

look after → be looked after

(2) see sb. doing sth.

sb. be seen doing sth.

I saw him playing football at that moment.

He was seen playing football at that moment.

hear / watch /….

We often hear them sing this song.

They are often heard to sing this song (by us).

This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).

一感二听三使四看

feel / hear

listen/

make have let/

look see watch notice 这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to 使用口诀：

感使动词真奇怪，

to在句子像妖怪。

主动句里to 走开，被动句里to回来。

动词let要除外，

to词可来可不来。

Bob sent Kate a letter last year.

=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.

=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.

He told Jim a story.

tell

ask

bring

write

… to

give

teach

pass

lend

Mum made me a new dress.

I

was made a new dress by

Mum.

A new dress was made for me by Mum.

make

buy

…for

draw

注意:约翰打开了收音机。

John turned on the radio.

The radio was turned on.

奶奶照看我姐姐。

Grandma takes care of my sister.

My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

We must speak to old people politely.

Old people must be spoken to politely.

注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。

They said that he would come back soon.

It was said that he would come back soon.

类似的还有：

It is reported /

We report

believed /

hoped /

supposed that ......

Step5 不用被动语态的几种情况

1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。

如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。

* Great changes have taken place in this city.

* That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.

2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态

have

/

fit

3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。

【正】Look at the blackboard，please．

【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．

4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态

这鱼味道很好。

The fish tastes good.

这条围巾摸上去很软。

The scarf feels soft.

5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：

【正】You must look after yourself．

【误】Yourself must be looked after

Step5 某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。

这书很好卖。

The

book sells well. 这书卖完了。

The

book is sold out. 这种布很好洗。

This kind of cloth washes very well.