Grammar教学目标设计

Period 4

Grammar Teaching Goals：

1．To help Ss learn how to use the subjunctive correctly．

2．To enable Ss tO learn two structures：If they had(not)been．．．，they would(not)have．．．；

If they had(not)done…，they would(not)have…

Teaching Procedures：

Step 1．Revision

Check the answers to Vocabulary exercises on P98 and give Ss some instruction．

Step 2．Grammar Purpose：To enable Ss to use the subjunctive correctly．

1．Leading-in

(1)Ask Ss to read the sentences and answer some questions．

①If they had reached the beach，they would probably have been killed．

Q：Did they reach the beach? Were they killed? Suggested answer：

No．they didn’t reach the beach．So they were not killed．

②If they hadn’t been on the boats，they would have survived．

Q：Were they on the boats? Did they survive? Suggested Answer：

Yes，they were on the boats，but they didn’t survive．

③If their backpacks had been small，they would not have drowned．

Q：Were their backpacks small? Did they drown? Suggested answer：

No，their backpacks were big．So they drowned．

④If the Germans had not been near the beach，the soldier would not have had any problems．

Q：Were the Germans near the beach? Did the soldiers have problems? Suggested Answer：

Yes，the Germans were near the beach，and the soldiers did have problems．

(2)Guide Ss to draw a conclusion of them．Ask them the following question first．

Do these sentences describe something that really happened7

．

Suggested Answer：

No，they don’t．

Further study结合实际利用自己眼睛红肿，假想造成红肿的各种理由。If I hadn’t swum in the river,my eyes wouldn’t have swelled. If I hadn’t played badminton at the stadium ,my sweat wouldn’t have hurt my eyes. If I hadn’t wiped a kind of plant called Luhui on the painful eyes, they wouldn’t have swelled so seriously. If I had gone to see the

doctor earlier ,my eyes would have been all right. 让学生归纳对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，条件句和主句谓语动词的形式。

The conclusion：

用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，条件从句用过去完成时(had done／been)；结果主句用would／could／might+have done 2．Practice

(1)Let Ss join the sentences together by using the above structure．

①a．Germany invaded Poland．

b．The British declared War．

⑦a．The soldiers reached the beach．

b．They were attacked by the Germans．

③a．The water was very deep．

b．It was impossible for the soldiers to walk to the beach．

④a．The invasion of Normandy was successful_

b．The war ended soon afterwards．

Suggested answers:

①If Germany hadn’t invaded Poland，the British wouldn’t have declared war．

②If the soldiers hadn’t reached the beach，they wouldn’t have been attacked bv the Germans．

③If the water hadn’t been SO deep，it would have been possible forthe soldiers to walk to the beach．

④If the invasion of Normandy hadn’t been successful，the way wouldn’t have ended s00n afterwards．

(2)Let Ss draw a conclusion of all the subjunctive we have learnt．

The Conclusion：

虚拟情况

条件从句

结果主句

表示与现在事实相反的

情况

动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)

would／could／might+动

词原形

表示将来不大可能实现

的事情

动词的过去式(be动词一般用

were)／were to／should+动词原形

would／could／might+动

词原形

表示与过去事实相反的

情况

动词的过去完成时(had done)

would／could／might

+

have done 3．Exercise

(1)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it____．

A．breaks

B．has broken

C．were broken D．had been broken

(2)I didn’t see your sister at the meeting．If she____，she would have met my brother．

A．has come

B．did come

C．CalTle D．had come

(3)一If he____，he____ that food．

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately．

A．was warned；would not take

B．had been warned；would not have taken

C．would be warned；had not taken

D．would have been warned；had not taken (4)If there were no subjunctive，English_____much easier．

A．will be

B．would have been

C．could have been D．would be

(5)一Alice，why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I_____，but I had an unexpected visitor．

A．had

B．would

C．was going to D．did (6)1 wish I_____you yesterday．

A．seen

B．did see

C．had seen D．weIle t0 see (7)I didn’t see your uncle at the party．If he____，he would have said“hello”to me．

A．would come

B．had come

C．came D．did come (8)You didn’t let me drive．If we____in turn，you____so tired．

A．drove；didn’t get

B．drove：wouldn’t get

C．were driving；wouldn’t get D．had driven；wouldn’t have got (9) Mr Smith was badly ill，or he___our dinner party．

A．should come to

B．would have attended

C．

would come to D．

should have attended (10)She suggested we____here at once

A．1eave

B．1eaving

C．were leaving D．had left

(11)The guard at the gate insisted that everybody____the rules．

A．obeys

B．obey

C．will obey D．would obey

(12)Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I____your advice．

A．follow

B．had followed

C．would follow D．have followed

(13)一Do you mind if I open the window?

一_____I feel a bit cold．

A．Of course not．

B．I’d rather you didn’t．

C．Go ahead．D．Why not?

(14)____it____for your help，I couldn’t have made any progress．

A．Had：not been

B．Should；not be

C．Did；not be D．Not；be Suggested answers:

(1)-(5)CDBDC

(6)-(10)CBDBA

(11)-(14)BBBA

其中第10题，suggest表示建议的时候，其用法为：suggest doing sth／that sb(should)do sth

类似的词有：advise，demand，require，insist，order。

第12题，if only意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”。它所引起的句子一般也要用虚拟语气。

第13题，在口语中，would rather后面从句中的谓语动词常用过去式来表示一种委婉的拒绝。在would rather后面的从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示现在的愿望，用“had+过去分词”表示过去的愿望。

第14题，条件句中如有were，had，should，could时，可以省略if，但句子要部分倒装。

Step 3．Homework 1．Finish the Grammar exercises in the Workbook．

2．Preview Reading and Writing，Cultural Corner in this module．

高中英语虚拟语气教学设计

教学目标：掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。

教学重点：1.辨别应用虚拟语气的各种句型；

2.确定含虚拟语气的各种句型中主、从句谓语动词形式。

教学难点：

1.如何辨认错综型虚拟语气；

2.如何在语篇中应用虚拟语气。

教学过程：

Ⅰ.引入。结合实际利用自己眼睛红肿，假想造成红肿的各种理由。If I hadn’t swum in the river,my eyes wouldn’t have swelled. If I hadn’t played badminton at the stadium ,my sweat wouldn’t have hurt my eyes. If I hadn’t wiped a kind of plant called Luhui on the painful eyes,

they wouldn’t have swelled so seriously. If I had gone to see the doctor earlier ,my eyes would have been all right. 让学生归纳对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，条件句和主句谓语动词的形式。

复习

从课文中找出含有虚拟语气的句子，关注其谓语动词形式，初步了解虚拟语气。

Ⅱ.讲解分析

1.在含有if引导的虚拟条件句的主从复合句中，主、从句谓语动词形式

表示与客观事实相反的假设，分为过去、现在和将来的情况。需要牢记下面的结构，因为只有在此基础上才可以辐射其他变化形式。

时间 If条件从句中的谓语动词形式

主

句

结

构

过去 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词

现在

过去式（be的形式常用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形

将来 a. 过去式（常有将来时间或上下文提示）

b. should+动词原形

c. were to+动词原形

would/should/could/might+动词原形

重点在于辨认清楚主句和从句，并准确对应主、从句谓语动词形式，难点是在没有时间状语的前提下，如何根据从句谓语动词形式确定主句谓语动词形式或根据主句谓语动词形式确定从句谓语动词形式。

2.虚拟条件句中if的省略与句子的倒装

If 引导的虚拟条件句的谓语部分如有助动词had, were, should时，可以把if省略，这时需将助动词had, were 或should提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装语序。

3.含有错综时间条件句的主从复合句

有时候，虚拟性条件句中谓语动词的动作和主句中谓语动词的动作发生的时间不一致，称为错综时间条件句，重点在于注意主、从句各自动作所发生的时间是否一致，难点在于结合语境中的

主、从句各自动作所发生的时间来确定各自所应该用的时态。

4.与表示“建议、要求、请求、命令、坚持”等意思的词有关的虚拟语气

a. 动词后接的宾语从句

b. It+ be+动词的过去分词+that…后接的主语从句

c. 相应的名词后接的表语从句和同位语从句

从句中常常用should do 表示虚拟，should可省略。

要重点识记表示“建议、要求、请求、命令、坚持”等意思的动词及其名词形式

这类词常用的有： advise/advice, propose/proposal, suggest/suggestion, demand/demand, command/command, require/requirement, request/request, recommend/recommendation, order/order , insist/insistence等。

难点1）判断从句的主语和谓语动词动作之间的逻辑关系，主动则用(should) do;被动则用(should) be done。

难点2）在suggest和insist后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用陈述语气还是虚拟语气，取决于suggest和insist的意思。suggest作“建议”讲时，从句谓语用虚拟语气；作“表明、暗示”讲时，从句谓语用陈述语气。insist意为“坚持陈述某种事实”时，从句谓语用陈述语气；意为“坚决要求、主张,坚持认为”时，从句谓语用虚拟语气。

5.It+is/was+adj.+that…句型中的虚拟语气

重点是识记可用于该句型的形容词，如： important, vital, essential, necessary, natural, strange, surprising等。

Ⅲ.练习与应用

1.学生完成导学稿中设置的习题：

自主完成→小组讨论，解决存在问题→展示讨论结果

2.师生共同检查核对，教师进行必要的解释和补充。

3.了解虚拟语气在语篇中的应用：

语言学习重在应用，语法亦是如此。让学生了解所学语法知识在语篇中的应用很有必要，这样做可以让学生明白学习语法的目的，激发学生学习语法的愿望和动力，帮助学生增强学以致用的能力。

导学稿中设置了书面表达、短文改错和完形填空各一篇，均涉及虚拟语气在语篇中的应用。由于时间关系，在课堂上学生重点完成书面表达，而对于短文改错和完形填空只完成指定部分。

Ⅳ.小结

简要总结，帮助学生回顾本节课所学内容。

Ⅴ.作业布置

1.列举出本节课所学虚拟语气的用法；

2.完成导学稿中其余练习题。