Appendix III Grammar glossary优秀教案范文

市西中学2018届高三英语专项语法复习

定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词

定语从句属于形容词性从句，修饰名词或代词，常置于被修饰词(先行词Antecedent)的后面。

1) 关系代词

①

that指代主句中的人或物，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语等。which 指代主句中的物，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语等。例如：

She had shown pictures of a plant that / which had recently been discovered.

Anyone that / who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police.

Have you seen the book that / which I put on the table?

The fire also destroyed cars which / that belonged to people who worked in the building.

*注：在下列情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词通常用that而不用which：

a. 先行词为不定代词。例如：

There is nothing that I can say about it. b. 先行词被any，all，no，little等修饰。例如：

There was little money that could be spared.

c. 先行词为形容词最高级，或被形容词最高级修饰。例：That was the least that I could do.

d. 先行词为序数词，或被序数词修饰。

例：Lion King was the first English movie that I had ever seen.

e. 先行词被the only或the very修饰。例如：

The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday. It is the very book that I have been looking for.

f. 先行词中既包含人，又包含物。例如：

They often talked about the teachers and classes that they remembered.

g. 先行词为疑问代词。例如：Who that has visited the Great Wall is not impressed?

h. 先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语。例如：He is not the boy that he used to be.

②

who指代主句中的人，充当从句中的主语或宾语。例如：

A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.

Yesterday I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for years.

③

whom指代主句中的人，充当从句中的宾语。例如：

The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their pay.

A policeman is one whom you can turn to for help.

④

whose指代主句中的人或物，充当从句中的定语，修饰名词。例如：

The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident.

Have you seen the movie whose leading actor is a high school student?

第二句也可以改成：

Have you seen the movie the leading actor of which is a high school student? 或：

Have you seen the movie of which the leading actor is a high school student?

注：充当定语从句宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。例如：

There are some jobs (that) men can’t do very well.

The person (whom) you should thank is Mary.

1

2) 关系副词

①

where修饰表示地点或含有地点意义的名词，充当定语从句的地点状语。例如：

Do you still remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? (where = at which)

He has got into a dangerous situation where he may get fired. (where = in which) ②

when修饰表示时间的名词，充当定语从句的时间状语。例如：

There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when = during which)

The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when = in which) ③

why修饰先行词reason，充当定语从句的原因状语。例如：

They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why = for which)

3) 介词

+ 关系代词。例如：

The teacher from whom I learned most was Mrs. Clark.

The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable. (at which相当于where) 注：介词后的关系代词如指代物，只能用which，且不可省略；如指代人，只能用whom，且不可省略。

4) 限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句

根据定语从句和先行词关系疏密的情况，可以把定语从句分为限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clause)和非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause)。限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，是句子意义上不可分割的一部分。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充、说明作用，不影响主句的意义表达。例如：

Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. He visited the school, after which he was invited to the city hall.

The sun shines, which makes it possible for things to live.

I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.

注：which引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代主句中的任何成分。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略。主句和非限制性定语从句间通常有逗号隔开。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在下列情况下必须使用非限制性定语从句：

①当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时。例如：

He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot. They will fly to Paris, where they plan to stay two or three days. (where不可改成in which)

Football, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world. ②当主句内容完整，先行词意义明确时。例如：

His house, which was finished only a month ago, was burnt down to the ground last night. We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy.

③当定语从句修饰整个主句时。例如：

They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time. 2

④当定语从句修饰主句中的一部分时。例如：

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was．

⑤当定语从句由“代词／数词／名词／形容词比较级、最高级等＋of ＋which／whom”引导时。例如：Chaplin directed a large number of films, most of which were silent. China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan.

5) as引导的定语从句

①当先行词被the same或such修饰时，定语从句常由as引导。例如：

She is not the same girl as she used to be.

These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

②非限制性定语从句的谓语动词为know，see，suggest，turn out等时，由as引导从句。例：

The Nile is the longest river in the world, as we all know.

A fast food restaurant is a place, as the name suggests, where eating is performed quickly.

③非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，由as引导。例如：

As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

As it turned out, Mary was the one appointed to the new position.

定语从句填空练习

1. The neighborhood factory, ______ workers are all women, turns out toys of fine quality. 2. Do you know anything about the fire _______broke out in the neighborhood yesterday? 3. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.

4. Is this university ___________ they paid a visit to last month? 5. The factory will not take anyone______ eyesight is weak. 6. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _______ of course made things even worse. 7. In that school, I had to keep to a great many rules, many___________ seemed to me stupid. 8. She’s the girl about______ we were talking about when you entered the office.

9. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______once grew in the forest. 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price____

______ was very reasonable.

11. Alec asked the policeman __________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. 12. I will never forget the days _______ we spent together in the village.

13. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them. 14. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______

______ she could turn for help. 15. I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam _____

______ I was caught. 16. They bought a good number of novels yesterday, _____

_______ are those written by Charles Dickens. 17. There are 45 students in our class, ______

______ some are from Beijing. 18. Has everything _______ can be done been done? 19. Have you ever been to the museum _____

______ we paid a visit last year? 20. All _______ is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. 3

21. Is this bike the one _______ you would like to have repaired? 22. He isn’t the person ______ is likely to ask favors of others. 23. Can you find me something _____

_______I can open the tin? 24. The reporters have found the clerk _______ it was ______ saved the drowning child last week. 25. The director of the enterprise places hope on ______

______ have the open-up ideas. 26. －Is this camera the one you want to buy? －Yes, this is the very camera ________ I have been hunting for. 27. _______ is known to all, the earth is round, just like a ball. 28. _____________ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. 29. The shop assistant ______ ______ I spoke said nothing. 30. The annual report, copies of ______ have been circulated, will be discussed later. 31. It was the incident that he was involved in ______ worried him. 32.The price of any product is linked to a complicated system of prices ______ everything depends on everything else. 33．He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, _______ he loved as his own mother. 34.

How hibernating animals can sleep all through the winter is connected with the main use _______ the body makes of food--- to supply the energy for movement. 35.

Last year the Browns moved to Toronto, _______ they had long dreamed of living in. 36.

We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____ _____ we gave some bells and glasses. 37.

This is Mr. White, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you. 38.

George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 39.

Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______ effects the people are still suffering. 40.

Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.

41.

_______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 42. The Beatle, _______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 43. I have the same magazine _______ you bought just now. 44. I have never heard so strange a story _______ he told us. 45. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _______

__________ five are mine. 46. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _______

______ she had come. 47. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger. 48. –

I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?

-- It was in his office _______ he worked. 49. eBay, Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites, _______ people can sell goods to each other. 50. You’ll have to wait for one more week, _______ the manager will be back from his trip.

4