Lesson 1 Your Choice教学设计(第一课时)

情态动词

严

娟

洛阳市第二实验中学

【1】情态动词概念

情态动词表示说话者态度或观点的词语。

【2】情态动词主要有：

1. can could

2. may might

3. must have to

4. dare need

5.Shall

6.should ought to 7.will would 【3】情态动词用法（阅读下面短文，完成文章）

测试学生对情态动词的掌握并导入。

Jack—I have good news for you! Rose—What? Jack—The Education Department has carried out rules to reduce students' too much study load.

Rose—Really? If so, I don’t have to stay up late to do so much homework and my mom may allow me to play computer games. Jack—The best thing I think is that I can have more spare time to take exercise after class. Rose—Sure. By the way, who is your favorite sports star? Jack—Liu Xiang, I should say. Rose—Tell me something about him. Jack—Well, maybe I can show you some photos.

（一）can/could:

1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或客观可能性,还可表示请求和允许

。

Man can not live without air.

Can I use your bike? 2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。

He asks if he ____ smoke here. — ____I have the television on? — Yes, you _____.

/ No, you _____ Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds. Can you help me with my training? can/be able to区别

Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换) ? If not, why? Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able to. can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能性，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。

例如：

A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone __________ run out of the building.（was able to）

2.She _____ speak both English and French. (can) can/could（高考疑难链接）: can never/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好” 。

You can’t be too careful while crossing the road.

（二）may/might:

1. 表示许可或请求、允许，might比may的语气更委婉一些。

— Might/May I use your computer?

— Yes, you can.

/No, you can’t

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

May you be happy all your life.

May you succeed.

May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal? Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games may/might（高考惯用链接）

惯用形式

may(might) as well＋动词原形：不妨做……，最好……

如：

If that is the case, we may as well try.

（三）must/have to:

Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle race…

…yet he

must work hard to win the gold medal. 1. 表示“坚持”常翻译成“一定要，偏要，非要”

常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. （如果你非得要做某事）

If you must leave, do it quietly. 2.must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。

This must be your pen.(现在的推测）

He must be doing his homework now.（正在发生的推测）

He must have arrived already.（过去的推测）

例如：

1. At this moment, our teacher ___________________ our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

2.The road is wet. It _________________last night.

(rain)

3. I don't know where she is, she _______ be in Wuhan. 表推测的否定形式

Mike ___________________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

Must和have to 区别

must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”

You must be hungry after the long walk. have to表示“必须，不得不”，着重强调客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去式和将来式)。如：

The students today will have to know how to use computers. As he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed. Have a try —They___ be doing the

experiment in the lab. —Why？

—Because the lights are still burning. A.could

B.can

C.must

D.would

(四) shall:

1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助

。

Shall we begin our lesson?

When shall he be allowed to leave hospital?

Shall I carry this bag for you? 2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

You shall fail if you don‘t work harder.

He shall be punished according to the rule.

等我读完这本书，就会给他的。

Shall we do the training in the morning?

（五）will/would:

1.表示意志、愿望和决心。

I will never do that again.

Question: Is this sentence correct? Why? I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.

2. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。

Sentence pattern ：

Would you like sth Would you please do …

Would you mind doing…

Would rather…

3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。

The old man _______have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.

would/used to区别: would 主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”

used to 主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。

On Sundays he _______ go to call on the old man when he was young. I _______ get up late, but now I have got used to getting up very early. Xiao Li ________ be a model worker. He is now a university student.

（六）should:

1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。

Should I open the window?

We should learn from each other. 2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

Rose—Sure. By the way, who is your idol?

Jack—Liu Xiang, I should say. I should advise you not to do that again.

3. should表示意外或惊讶

常译为“居然，竟然”。

I can’t believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.

我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。

4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”

---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .

A. can

B. should

C. might

D. need “情态动词+have done”的用法

（1）must have done对过去某事的十分肯定猜测

（2）may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测

（3）can’t/couldn’t have done对过去某事的否定猜测

（4）should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做

（5）shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 过去不应该做而实际上做了

（6）needn’t have done 本没有必要做的事实际却做了

（7）could have done本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到

（七）情态动词用法思考:

How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs? 1）Functions & usage of modal verbs 2）Language context (上下文、语境)

（八）表示否定的情态动词的用法: mustn’t

不准, 禁止

needn’t

没必要

( = don’t have to )

can’t

不能; 不可能

may not

不可以; 可能不

shouldn’t

不应该

( = ought not to )

（九）Practice 改错

1.--- Where is Patricia?

--- She can be in the lab. 2. Mrliu will can write to you in English tomorrow. 3. Catherine can speaks a little Cantonese. 4. The law says that drivers can’t drive after drinking.

5. He will recover soon. You can’t worry about him.

6. You can be tired because you’ve been working for four hours.

7. Our suggestion is that you are the first to go. 8. The poor little boy could never able to see or bear again. 9. You mustn’t do the exercise if you don’t want to.

10. Dare you to tell your parents about your school records? 1.can----may

2. 删除can

3. speaks---speak 4. can’t---mustn’t

5. can’t---needn’t 或

don’t have to

6. can---must

7. are---be

8. could---was 9. mustn’t---needn’t

10. 删除

to

填空

1.

I

use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house. 2. They

____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep.

4. ---The weather has been so nice lately that I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to use the grill in the good days.

---I ____ agree more. 5. ---There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.

----It ____a comfortable journey 6. ---How about going

skiing next weekend?

---Next weekend? You know, baseball season starts next weekend, and I ___ wait. Baseball is also my favorite sport. How about next month? 7. A computer ______ think for itself;

it must be told what to do. 8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. 9. ---Pretty hot , isn’t it?

--- Yes. But we didn’t know that it would be so

hot here. We

______ (go) to California. 10. — Could I borrow your dictionary?

— Yes, of course you _______. 11.— Oh, my God! You

________ wear slippers to play basketball.

—

I’m sorry I forgot we have P.E. this afternoon.

12. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 13. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself. 14. If people eat natural plant poisons by mistake, they ________ go to hospital without delay.

15. ---What are you doing this Saturday?

---I’m not sure, but I _______ go to the concert.

16. —I plan to pay Tracy a visit next Sunday.

—I agree. You know, she ________ come to see us on Sunday when we were in America. 17. There is someone knocking at the door.

it be Tom? 18. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in the town, it is often faster than a car and you

worry about parking.

19. It

be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.

20. --May I pick a flower in the garden?

-- No, you ________. 1.

needn’t

2. should

3. must have been

4. couldn’t

5. couldn’t have been

6. can’t

7.can’t

8. was able to

9. should have gone

10. can

11. should

12. needn’t

13. mustn’t may

14. must

15. may

16. would

17. can

1 8. needn’t

19. couldn’t be

20. mustn’t

（十）Homework

Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercises in Section2