Grammar教案评析

Grammar To learn the use of Subjunctive (2) subjunctive(2) Step 1

Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks. A: Why didn’t you catch the train? B: I got up too late. If I __________ earlier, I ________________ the train. A: What would the earth be like without air? B: _______ air, there ________no life on the earth. Have a look 1. If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 2. If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. 3. If you were not here helping us, we wouldn’t finish the task on schedule. 1. If it ____________ (be) for your assistance, we_______________________ (succeed). 2. If they ___________ (start) the early morning yesterday, they ____________ (be) here now. 3. If you ____________ (be) here helping us, we _______________ (finish) the task on schedule. Step 2 Practice

用所给动词的适当语气填空。

1. If you ____________ (follow) my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 2. If it ____________ (rain) yesterday, we would have stayed at home. 3. If the young tree _________________ (water), it wouldn’t die now.

4. If it _________ (be) fine, we would have gone to the park. 5. If we _________ (have) enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest. 6. If I had met him before, I _______ __________ (recognize) him. 7. If he ___________________________ (leave) by train today, he would get there by Friday. Step 3以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点

虚拟语气

1. 概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2. 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。

在if引导的非真实条件句中，除了与现在或将来事实相反的情况，还有以下用法：

一、

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

If he had had enough money then, he would have bought that dictionary. 要是他当时有足够的钱，他就会买下那本字典的。

if条件从句中虚拟语气的判断：

(1)判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现。不可能实现的是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

(2)判断虚拟语气的时间。

根据时间状语或通过上下文判断假设的情况：与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反。

(3)

用“后退一步法”决定谓语动词的形式

二、

错综时间虚拟语气

(4)

有时在非真实条件句中，主句中谓语动词所表示的动作和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作不是同时发生的，这时动词的形式需要按照各自的时间来进行调整。

(5)

If you had worked harder then, your condition would be better now. (6)

If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have been all right then.

三、含蓄条件句

假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示。

1. 用without等介词短语、分词短语或者独立主格结构来替代条件从句。

We might not do a lot of things without computer. Having known in time, we could have stopped it. 2. 用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构。

I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. 想一想，你还知道其他类似的连词吗？

3.

通过上下文来表示虚拟，需要具体加以分析。

I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then. You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.

虚拟语气特殊句型

1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）

2) I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）

3) We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）

as if/ as though/ if only的用法与wish 一样

He treated me as if I were a stranger.

他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

If only our parents could live with us! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。

If only I hadn’t missed the train!

要是我没错过火车就好了！