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幻灯片1 二诊考前复习之阅读理解

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成都树德怀远中学

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于正超

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2019-03-12 

幻灯片2 英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求

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要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文段并能从中获取相关信息。

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考生应能：

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（1）理解主旨大意（main idea) 

（2）理解文中具体细节(specific details) 

（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义(word meanings) 

（4）做出判断和推理(judgement and inference) 

（5）理解文章的基本结构(passage structure) 

（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度(attitudes/opinions)

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这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

Usual types:

main idea; topic / best title; purpose 幻灯片4 question forms：

大意类：

一：主旨归纳题

The main idea of the passage is ... What is the passage mainly about? 标题类：

What's the best title / headline for the passage? The best title for the passage might be ... 作者意图类：

What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage？ The author's purpose of writing this passage is …

幻灯片5 找主题句的四个小窍门：

1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。

3.作者有意识地反复强

幻灯片6

Have a try! Guess the

main idea of each passage quickly!

Please keep in mind, Practice makes perfect! 幻灯片7 Passage1 

Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? (1 minute) 

Please find out the topic sentence of the passage. 

开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 

幻灯片8 Passage 2

Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent(无辜的，无罪的，无辜者). On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything”

may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.

(1 minute) Please find out the topic sentence of the passage.

在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：so, on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus…..

幻灯片9 Passage 3

Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity(困境，逆境）. But, it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try. J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6.In her biography, …..became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer. …Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend ! (2 minutes) The text mainly tells us . A. hardship makes a good novelist B. the courage to try is a special ability C. you can have a wonderful idea everywhere D. encouragement contributes to one's success

幻灯片10 Passage 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. (2 minutes) The main idea of this paragraph is that ______. A. Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from

College. C. Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent education. detail detail detail

幻灯片11 Types of Paragraph Structures Types

The position(位置）of the topic sentence

At the beginning

At the end of the passage

In the middle

No clear topic sentence 幻灯片12 What should we pay attention to?

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One swallow does

not make a summer. 一燕不成夏

（

不要以偏概全）

2. Transitional words and expressions :

过渡词

but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary…

幻灯片13 How to tell the wrong choices? 1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一

观点当成整篇文章的主题

2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小

3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。

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How do we guess the meanings of new words? 如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有： 1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ____． 2）The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to ____． 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．

4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？

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二：猜测生词的词

猜测词语意

要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思,或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有mean, is closest in meaning to, refer to, be replaced by等。这类题在广东高考最近六年来,每年考查一个小题。

幻灯片16 Rule1: to use _______________________ 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 definition/ explanation Signal words: is, is called, be defined as(被定义为……), like, the same as,

refer to, such, such as, like, for example/

instance, especially, include

例1. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

2.It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.

牧羊人

Guess the meaning

that

is

易碎的，脆性的

幻灯片17 logical relationships逻辑关系

Rule2: to use______________________

guess the meaning 1. 并列关系

例1. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

2.Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.

also

harmful harmful and 文盲的，不识字的

Signal words: and, or, also, that is to say （换句话说，

也就是说）in other words（换句话说

）…

幻灯片18 Rule2: to use______________________

logical relationships

2. 根据转折或对比关系进行判断

收费，要价

例3. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean? A.suffering B.different

C.prevented D. free

chargb

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4.She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 

punctual准时的

but, however, yet, or, otherwise, while, though, on one hand…on the other hand, rather than, instead of

Signal words: 幻灯片19 logical relationships

Rule2: to use______________________ 3.根据因果关系进行判断

例5. He’s such

a shrewd businessman that

he

loses no money in any trade（买卖，贸易，交易）.

6.The teacher did not hear the knock at

the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.

Guess the meaning of the underlined word.

such that

smart/ sharp精明的，敏锐的

because absorbed专心致志的，全神贯注的

Signal words:

because, since, as, for, so, therefore（因此）, so…that…, such…that…, thus

幻灯片20 context Rule3: to use ___________ 根据上下文语境做出判断

⑴Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor(祖先） was Robert.

A.later generations

B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners

D. later sponsors 2) European countries, for the present, are deeply mired in economic troubles. It is reported that

their economic future looks uncertain and dark.

A. trapped

B. absorbed

C. engaged

D. interested

幻灯片21 word formation Rule 4: to use ____________________

根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断

(1) When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.

Impossible to travel on or through不能通行的

(2) He fell into a ditch(沟，渠）

and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.

semi (前缀）半，部分

partially conscious conscious有知觉的，有意识的，神志清醒的

幻灯片22 Rule 5: to use common sense and experience 根据常识、经验猜生词

tapping拍打

1) The sound of water gently lapping against the side of the boat during the silent night was very pleasant.

2) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. The phrase “

mopping up”

in the paragraph means______.

A. cleaning up

B. taking in

C. wiping out

D. giving out

打扫或清除干净

吸入，理解，领会

彻底消灭，全部摧毁

分发，发出，放出（热，光等）

像亚马逊这样的热带雨林对于吸收大气中的二氧化碳，

帮助减缓全球变暖有着重要作用。

幻灯片23 Summary Rule 1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 Rule 2:根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）

Rule 3:根据上下文语境做出判断

Rule 4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断

Rule 5:根据常识、经验猜生词

幻灯片24 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！

1．猜测熟词新含义

例1: The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees ，who can afford the new service.

例2: “That’s impossible,”

said he, who runs an Italian restaurant. 猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。

2．猜测词性变换新词含义

When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?

利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。

猜词能力

白领雇员

经营

想象

幻灯片25 practice makes perfect

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1.On the farm they mainly raise poultry—— chickens, ducks and geese, both for their eggs and their meat. 

家禽

幻灯片26 2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

modest（谦虚的，谦逊的）

supercilious高傲的,傲慢的

幻灯片27 3 Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.

厕所

幻灯片28 4.If

you

agree, write “yes”; if

you

dissent, write “no”.

disagree 幻灯片29 5.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

浑浊的，污浊不清的

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6.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.

徒劳的，无效的

幻灯片31

理发师

7.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 修剪

幻灯片32 8. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.

投降

9.Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym. 笔名，化名,假名

幻灯片33 10.

A stunt person is a man or woman who does all the dangerous bits of acting work in films or on TV. 特技演员

幻灯片34 11.The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the the results of the sports meeting headmaster would announce .

聚集,集合

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12.He is one of the most loquacious men I know. His brother,

however, does not like to talk much.

话多的，健谈的，喋喋不休的

幻灯片36 13. The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on．

茶碟，茶托

幻灯片37 Summing up 

What have you learnt today? 

一：主旨归纳题

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1.如何找主题句

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2.莫以偏概全……

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二：猜测生词的词义

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Rule 1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 

Rule 2: 根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）

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Rule 3:根据上下文语境做出判断

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Rule 4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断

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Rule 5:根据常识、经验猜生词 

幻灯片38 homework

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