Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions全国优秀课堂实录

2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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M6U3

Grammar and Usage---The Subjunctive Mood Periods (5-6) 【学习目标】

1.

To learn special usages of subjunctive mood. 2.

To develop the ability of using them correctly. 【学习重难点】

1.

To master the usages of Subjunctive Mood. 【学习流程】

■（自主先学）（预学）

1.Read the passage, and try to find the subjunctive mood sentences as many as you can.

Dear Mum,

It’s a pity that I should do a bad job in this exam. How I wish I had passed the exam! If I had worked hard, I wouldn’t be so regretful now. After knowing it, you had a talk with me. However depressed I was at that time, I shouldn’t have shouted at you.

Without your upbringing, I couldn’t have grown up happily and healthily. It’s important that we should understand each other. It’s time that I apologized to you. Sorry, Mum!

2. Choose the best answer: 1)If you were older, I _____you to go there yesterday. A. will allow

B. should allow

C. would have allowed

D. had allowed 2) If we ________here ten minutes earlier, we ______the bus. A. arrived; would catch

B. arrived; would have caught

C. had arrived; had caught

D. had arrived; would have caught 3) If I ______ the chance, I _______ to be a business consultant. A. had; might want

B. have; might want

C. had had, might have wanted

D. had; might have wanted 4）——You can ask your brother for help.

——

He isn’t at home. If he ____, I ___. A.

were, would

B. is, would

C.

is, will

D. were, will 5)If we __________ 200 years old，we __________ everything. A. were to be，could change B. had been，changed C. were，would have changed D. should be，changed 6) If there were no subjunctive mood, English______ much easier.

A. will be

B. would have been

C. could have been

D. would be

语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气.

■诱思讨论（合作学习）(互学、展学、领学)

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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虚拟语气的用法

一、

虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。

I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。

If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

二、虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

三、虚拟条件句

虚拟条件句可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移

1 虚拟条件句表

从

句

主

句

与过去事实相反

与现在事实相反

与将来事实相反

1) 如果我那时努力学习的话，就不会考试不及格了。

If I ___________________, I

(work hard) ______________________ in the exam. (fail)

2)如果他现在在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。

If he________ here, he _____________us.

(be; help)

3)如果明天下雨的话，会议将被延期。

If it _____________ tomorrow, the meeting _____________ put off. (rain; be) 2. 虚拟条件句的倒装：

在if条件句中如果出现______ _____ _____可省去if，将这些词放在主语前，构成倒装。

1.

If I had worked hard

, I wouldn’t have failed in the exam.

→

2. If he were

here, he would help us.

→

3. If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. →

3.

混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句) 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句

If you ____________（work）hard yesterday, you _________ (be) tired now. If you_________________ （listen）to me , you ________________(be) in such trouble now .

巩固训练

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（固学）

Complete the sentences:

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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1）曾经有一份真挚的感情放在我的面前，我没有珍惜。等我失去的时候我才后悔莫及。

If I __________________ the true love when I got it, I _____________________ when I lost it.

2）如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说(utter)三个字：“我爱你”。

If God ______ me another chance right now, I _______ the three words to the

girl ,“I love you”.

4、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有: 1）介词及介词短语

(1) Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.

(2) Without electricity, human life would be quite

different today. 归纳总结

2）连词otherwise, or, but

(1). I am too busy now, or I would help you do the work.

(2). I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. 归纳总结

巩固训练

2

（固学）

1) Without sunlight, people’s life _________(be) different from today.

2) But for your help, I ___________________ (finish) the work.

3) The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors_________________ (fall)into the sea.

3）. 定语从句和状语从句

Anyone who had married such a girl as she would have been regretful .

谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会后悔的

4）

通过分词短语表示条件

Given more time, we could have done it better. 5）用动词不定式表示条件

It would be a mistake not to help him.

四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用

1） 虚拟语气用在would rather，would（just）as soon，would sooner，would prefer（宁愿）等后接的宾语从句中。

1. I would rather you_______ (pay) me now. 2. I would rather you___________ (go) to school yesterday. 3. Don’t come. I would rather you_______ (come) tomorrow. 归纳总结

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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2.

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。

I suggest that we （should）

hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that he （should ）

be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。

常见动词有

一个坚持：

两个命令：

三个建议：

四个要求：

【点拨】如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

判断改错：

（

）

You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill. （

）

Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （

）

I insisted that you（should）be wrong. （

）

I insisted that you were wrong 巩固训练

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（固学）

1.I suggest that we

_____________________ (communicate) with each other frequently. 2.It’s requested that all the students _______(wear) school uniforms at school. 3.My suggestion is that he ______________ (send) to the hospital at once.

4. He insisted that he _____________(not steal) the money and that he _______________(set) free. 3. wish后的宾语从句：

1.我希望我是一只小鸟.

I wish I _________ a bird .

2. 我希望我没犯错误.

I wish I ______________ such a mistake.

3.我希望我不会变老。

I wish________________get old.

归纳总结:

过去：_________________________ Sb wish

现在：_________________________

将来：_________________________

五、

虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

We are all for your proposal that the discussion （should ）be put off．

His proposal is that the discussion （should ）be put off．

归纳总结: 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为______________________________________。这类名词常见的有：_____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________等。

六、

虚拟语气主语从句中的应用

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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1)

It’s a pity that I (should) do a bad job in this exam.

2)

It’s important that we (

should )understand each other.

3）

It’s suggested that we (should) go there by bike. 归纳总结:

（悟学）

It is / was +n./adj./v-ed + that + sb + should + do (1) 常见形容词: 奇怪,自然,重要,必要

(strange, natural, important, essential, vital, necessary等

(2)常见名词

一个难怪,两个遗憾（no wonder, a pity, a shame）

(3)常见的v-ed有：表示建议、请求、命令的动词（suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded , requested, insisted 等）

巩固训练

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（固学）

1. It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion.

A. will be

B. are

C. should be

D. would be 2. It is a pity that you ________ your homework again.

A. will do

B. had done

C. should do

D. did 七、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用

1. 虚拟语气在as if引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中

I feel as if I were ten years younger . 我觉得我仿佛年轻了10岁

He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself . 他谈起金字塔来，就好象亲眼见过似的

It looks as if it is going to rain . 看上去好象要下雨（真实语气）

归纳总结:

（悟学）

2. 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中

He was punished in case he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him . 我不会出声的，以免打扰他

归纳总结: （悟学）

八、虚拟语气在其他句型的应用

1. (1)It’s high time that the government should take effective measures to end the pollution. (2)It’s time that the government took effective measures to end the pollution. 归纳总结: （悟学）

It’s (about/high) time +that

2.If only （要是…..就好了）

后的虚拟语气

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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1. If only the rain would stop tomorrow. 2. If only I were rich now.

3. If only I had listened to my parents then. 归纳总结: （悟学）

If only sb/sth

______________________过去

但愿；要是…就好了

______________________现在

______________________将来

注意：only if表示"只有"不用虚拟语气。

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung.

当时闹钟响就好了。

3. 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中，动词一般要使用原形，同时要注意的是句子的主谓要倒装

Long live

the People’s Republic of China !

May you have a merry Christmas !

【当堂检测】

（固学）

I. Multiple choices:

1. Everything

if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade. A.

will be destroyed

B. will have been destroyed

C. would be destroyed

D. would have been destroyed

2. The business is risky. But _______ , we would be rich.

A. should we succeed

B. we should succeed

C. might we succeed

D. would we succeed 3. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank? A.

Bob had walked farther

B.

if Bob should walk farther

C.

had Bob walked farther

D.

if Bob walked farther 4. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then. A. would lend

B. would have lent

C. could lend

D. may have lent 5. ______ today, he would get there by

Friday.

A. Was he leaving

B. If he leaves

C. Were he to leave

D. If he is leaving 6. Supposing this ship

,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A.

were to sink

B. has sunk

C. was sinking

D. sunk 7. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and

______ he attend it, what would he wear?

A. were

B. had

C. did

D. should

8.——You can ask your brother for help.

——

He isn’t at home. If he ____, I ___. A.

were, would

B. is, would

C.

is, will

D. were, will 10. ——

Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? —— No, but if I _____ time, I ————— very glad to go there. A. have, will be

B. had had, would have been

C. had, would be

D. had had, would be

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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11. ——Sally finally got here from Chicago. —— If she_____ earlier, we _____her to the party then. A.came, would take

B. had come, would have taken

C. comes, will take

D. had come, would take 12. If you _______ George, would you please

tell him to ring me? A.

saw

B. were to see

C. had seen

D. see

II. Translate the following passages：

尽管你是老师，你举止却好像是我的姐姐。如果你在高一时就教我就好了！如果没有您的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。我希望能永远做您的学生。

我建议您在课堂上多微笑，因为笑容就是阳光。另外一个建议是你多给我们一些独立思考的时间。最重要的是你要对我们要求严格一点。

最后，到了我向您表示感谢的时间了。谢谢您，老师！

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2015-2016学年度贾汪中学高二英语导学案

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【教学反思】（教师教后反思，学生课后复习心得）

（悟学）

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