Lesson 4 Understanding名师教学设计

Section_ⅥLesson_4_ 望江县赛口中学

李敬芝

[原文呈现]

[读文清障] “Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much.”

①acquire[ə′kwaIə]vt.获得，得到

②it作形式主语，how引导的从句为真—Francis Bacon(1561－1626) 正的主语。

It seems obvious now how we acquire

knowledge and understanding. To start with，

you need questions. Then, to find answers, you observe

the consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. ⑤④②③①③to start with＝to begin with首先

④observe v．观察；遵守

⑤although 引导让步状语从句，可与world around you and study the facts. After that you still, yet连用，不与but连用。

⑥be/get accustomed to习惯于(to为介词) be/get used to 习惯于

⑦spit out 吐出

⑧破折号表示解释说明。

Although today we are

more ⑥accustomed to

typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out

for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis —

luckily for us.

⑧⑦

“勤于提问的人学到的更多，并且记住的更多。”

——弗兰西斯·培根(1561－1626) [第1段译文]

我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。首先，你需要提出问题。然后，为了找到答案，你观察自己周围的世界，并研究事实。之后，你考虑可能的答案，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案；然而对我们来说幸运的是，当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。

However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon ⑨thinking[′θIŋkIŋ]n．思考，考虑

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universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed. At first, people approved 26

his studies andurged○27

him to continue, but of○26approve of

赞成，赞许

○approve [ə’pruːv]v．赞成；认可；满意

27urge[ɜːdʒ]vt.力劝，强烈要求

○later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew 28. They didn’t want to angry and put him in prison○29what they’d always thought was true. challenge○urge sb.to do sth.强烈要求某人做某事

28put sb.in prison 把某人投入监狱

○29challenge v．向……挑战

○30search for 搜寻(＝look for) ○This also shows how people didn’t want to search 30

their own understanding or educate for○themselves. And this is still often true today. People 31

feel that if someone important and respected○in search of寻找，搜寻

in one’s search for某人寻找……

31respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的

○32inspire[In’spaIə]v．启发；鼓舞

○says that something is right, then it must be so. But even 32

though Aristotle was a great man who inspired○33，

many great scientists and philosophers after him○inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的

33who 引导定语从句，修饰a great ○he was wrong at times. And Galilei too made mistakes. He is now known as the father of the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong. Therefore our understanding of the world around us is 34，

constantly growing and changing. In other words○astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round man。

34in other words 换句话说

○in a word 总而言之

35sit back 坐下休息；袖手旁观

○we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit 35

and say, “We know it all.”

back○

[第3～4段译文] 人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。他说地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们一直认为正确的东西。

这也表明人们是多么不愿意去探索自己对事物的理解或教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某个重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，那它一定是正确的。但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以天文学之父而闻名，但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多东西，谁也不能悠然自得地说：“我们什么都知道。”

We need to thank the great men of the past 36for 为并列连词，表示原因。

○

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for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a 37shadow[’ʃædəʊ]n．阴影，影子

○从本质上讲，shadow指一个平面；shade36. So much of our world without questions○“阴凉处”，指一个立体空间。

knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were 37

of brave enough to step out from the shadows○38

thought in order to find the conventional○39

of knowledge that today’s kingdom○40

is built upon. These men knew that civilisation○38conventional[kən’venʃənəl]adj.传统的，○保守的

39kingdom[’kIŋdəm]n．王国

○40civilisation[ˌsIvəlaI’zeIʃən]n．文明

○civilise vt.使文明

41fight for 为……而战

○knowledge and understanding are things to fight 41；

more vital○42

to a man, and more for○43

to mankind, some might say, than beneficial○fight against 同……进行斗争

42vital[’vaItl]adj.极其重要的

○all the money in the world. “All truths are easy to understand once be vital to 对……极为重要

43beneficial[ˌbenI’fIʃəl]adj.有用的，有益的

○they are discovered; the point is to discover be beneficial to 对……有益

them.”

——Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)

[第5～6段译文]

我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，或许永远不会什么都懂，如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。因此，我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。

“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易被人理解，问题是要有人去发现真理。”

——伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)

Fast-reading

Skim the text and finish the following questions.

1．What is the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is that people_should_question_more_because_great_men,_even Aristotle_and_Galilei,_might_make_mistakes. 2．Match the paragraphs with their main ideas. Para.1

A．People believed in what someone important and respected said. Para.2B．People try to solve the world’s problems with analysis.

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Paras.3&4

C．People thanked the great men who studied in a scientific way. Para.5D．People believed in religion in ancient time. 答案：Para.1—B; Para.2—D; Paras.3&4—A；

Para.5—C

Careful-reading

Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.

1．What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking? A．Raising questions. B．Observing the world. C．Thinking over the possible answers. D．Testing for a right answer. 2．What do we know from the passage? A．Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas. B．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts. C．Before Galilei, Aristotle’s theory had influenced people for 1,000 years. D．The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe. 3．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day. B．Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe. C．The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle, either. D．People should question more because great men, even Aristotle and Galilei, might make mistakes. 4．What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article? A．questions, observe and study, consider and test, find the right answers B．acquire the knowledge, understanding, find the right answers, consider and test C．observe, study, consider, find the right answers D．questions, find the right answers, observe, test 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says. B．Galileo proved “the Earth is not the center of the universe”

and he never made mistakes.

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C．Knowledge is got by learning not by believing. D．Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge. 答案：1～5

ABDAB Study-reading

Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.

1．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642), who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，

were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]

那时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。

2．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC)．

[句式分析]

it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；as引导原因状语从句。

[尝试翻译]

人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。

3．So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon. [句式分析]

[尝试翻译]

因此，我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱

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这样的人，为了发现建造

今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。

4．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. [句式分析]

本句为主从复合句，these men knew为主句，that引导宾语从句；some might say为插入语。

[尝试翻译]

这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。

一、这样记单词

记得准·写得对

Ⅰ.基础词汇

1．acquirevt.

获得，得到

2．thinkingn.

思考，考虑

3．rankn.

职衔

4．worthyadj.

值得的

5．approvev.

赞成；认可；满意

6．urgevt.

力劝，强烈要求

7．inspirev.

启发；鼓舞

8．conventionaladj.

传统的，保守的

9．civilisationn.

文明

10．vitaladj.

极其重要的

11．imagen.

景象，形象；比喻

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1．religionn．宗教→religious adj.宗教的

2．defencen．保卫，保护→defend v．保卫，保护

3．ignorevt.忽视，不顾→ignorance n．忽视

4．assumptionn．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设

5．beneficialadj.有用的，有益的→benefit n．益处，好处

v．对……有益

记得快·记得多

1.acquire

vt.获得，得到

[联想]

require要求

[反义]

lose, give up 2．approve v．赞成；认可；满意

[联想]

-al结尾名词小结

①approve→approval 批准；认可；赞成

②remove→removal 移除；免职；搬迁

③survive→survival 幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物

④arrive→arrival 到达；到来；到达者

⑤propose→proposal 提议；建议；动议

3．religion n．宗教

[联想]

-ious结尾形容词一览

①religion→religious 宗教的；虔诚的

②ambition→ambitious 有雄心的；野心勃勃的

③caution→cautious 小心的；谨慎的

④anxiety→anxious 担心的；焦虑的

⑤harmony→harmonious 和谐的；和睦的

4．ignore vt.忽视，不顾

[同义]

neglect 忽略；忽视

overlook 忽略；未注意到

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二、这样记短语

记牢固定短语

1.to start with

首先

2．be/get accustomed to习惯于……

3．go against反对

4．come to one’s defence

为某人辩护

5．tend to往往会，倾向于

6．make assumptions about 对……作出假设

7．(be) based on以……为基础

8．put forward

提出

9．approve of

赞成，赞许

10．in other words

换句话说

11．be vital to

对……重要

12．be beneficial to

对……有益

三、这样记句式

先背熟

1. ... were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. ……常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。

2. ... were unwilling to challenge

what they had

always comfortably believed. ……不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。

3.It is not surprising that

people wanted to believe these ancient views ... 人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪……

“It is＋adj.＋that从

句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。

8 多积常用词块

1.acquire knowledge and understanding

获取知识和理解

2．a few key words

几个关键词

3．search engine

搜索引擎

4．spit the answer out

吐出答案

5．hold an important rank

身居要职

6．the worthy search for knowledge

对知识的崇高追求

7．stand still

静止不动

8．sit back

舒舒服服地坐好；袖手旁观

9．work for the government

为政府工作

再悟通

后仿用

We had no trouble finding his with复合结构在句中作状语。

house with_the_guide_leading_the_way. 有向导引路，我们没费劲就找到了他的家。

He wanted to know at what 引导的名词性从what_the__manager_had_said 句作challenge的宾语。

the meeting. 他想知道经理在会上说了什么。

It_is_not_surprising_that he let his parents down again. 他又让父母失望了，这不足为奇。

1．(教材P42)It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。

acquire vt.获得，得到

acquire knowledge/experience

acquire a good knowledge of

acquire a taste for

获得知识/经验

学会，精通

开始喜欢

①Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge.(2015·重庆高考写作) 与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的知识。

②Only when you have acquired_a_good_knowledge_of grammar can you write correctly. 只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识，你才能正确地写作．

③He has acquired a taste for brandy at that time. 他在那个时候养成了喝白兰地的嗜好。

[辨析比较]

acquire, obtain

acquire obtain 多用于通过不断地“学、问”等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西

表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西

选用上述单词填空

④It took her nine years to acquire the ability to use English and it’s indeed not easy for her to obtain the honour in a foreign country. 她花了九年的时间才获得了使用英语的能力，并且对她来说，在国外获得这种荣誉并不容易。

2．(教材P42)Although today we aremore accustomed to

typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us ... 尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案……

be accustomed to习惯于

(1)get/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.

习惯于(做)某事

be/get/become used to (doing) sth.

习惯于(做)某事

(2)accustom vt.

使习惯于

accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.

使某人/自己习惯于做某事

①Her eyes quickly became/got/grew accustomed tothe dark.

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她的眼睛很快就适应了黑暗。

②I didn’t get_used_to the climate here a year ago, but now I’ve been used to. 一年前我还不习惯这里的气候，现在已经习惯了。

③She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting (get) up early. 她觉得让孩子养成早起的习惯是必要的。

[名师点津]

请识记含有介词to的常见短语：

①stick to

②look forward to

③devote oneself to

④get down to

⑤lead to

⑥object to

⑦pay attention to

坚持

盼望

致力于

着手

导致；通往

反对

注意

3．(教材P42)Bacon held an important rank under King James (1566－1625) of England but his true interest was not the day to day bureaucratic details of the government, but the worthy

search for knowledge. 在英国詹姆士国王(1566－1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的崇高追求。

worthy adj.值得的；有价值的

表示“值得”

be worth＋n.＝be worthy of＋n. of being donebe worth doing＝be worthy

to be done

It's worthwhile doing/to do sth. ①The Chinese communityis well wortha visit. ＝The Chinese community is well worthy of_a visit. 华人社区非常值得去参观一下。

②The articleis worthy of careful study. ＝The article is worthy of being_studied (study) carefully. ＝The article is worthy to_be_studied (study) carefully. ＝The article is worth studying (study) carefully. ＝It’s worthwhile studying/to_study (study) the article carefully. 这篇文章值得仔细研读。

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[名师点津]

(1)表示“很值得做……”，要用be well worth doing ...；

(2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。

4．(教材P42)The church and many people tended toignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人往往会忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。

tend to往往会，倾向于；照顾，护理

(1)tend to do sth.

tend to/towards ...

tend (to) sb.

(2)tendency n.

经常做某事；有做某事的倾向

趋向，倾向于……

照料，照看，护理某人

倾向，趋势

①I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.(2015·浙江高考满分作文) 我倾向于为集体利益牺牲自己的利益。

②She spends her spare time tending (tend)(to) her old mother. 她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。

③Roughly speaking, the tendency (tend) of the market is still uncertain. 粗略地说，这个市场的趋向仍不确定。

5．(教材P42)At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。

approve

(1)v.赞成；认可；同意

approve of ...

approve of (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.

同意/赞成(某人)做某事

赞成……，同意……

①I approve of your tryingto earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要忽视了功课。

②She would never do anything that was not approved_of by her parents. 她从来不会做父母不赞成的事情。

(2)vt.通过，批准

③The committee approved_the_plan at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上委员会通过了该项计划。

urge

(1)vt.力劝，强烈要求；极力主张

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urge sb.to do/into doing sth.

urge that sb. (should) do sth.

urge sth.on/upon sb.

力劝某人做某事

强烈要求某人应做某事

向某人力陈/强调某事

①I urge him to write a novel about the life we live together in the country.

我力劝他写一部关于我们一起在农村生活的小说。

②I urged that we (should)_take (take) immediate measures to prevent such thing happening again. 我极力主张我们应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。

③He urged on/upon his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向学生们强调用功学习的重要性。

(2)n.[C]强烈的欲望，冲动

have an urge to do sth.

迫切想做某事

④The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.

假期快到了，我迫切想去旅行。

6．(教材P43)But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. 但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会出错。

inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励；使产生(感觉或情感)；赋予灵感，激发想法；启发；启示

inspire sb. to do sth.

inspire sb. with sth.＝inspire sth. in sb.

使某人产生……感觉/情感

鼓励某人做某事

①I hope this success will inspire you to make greater efforts. 我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。

②The good news inspired us with pride and courage. ＝The good news inspired pride and courage in me. 这一好消息使我们产生了自豪感和勇气。

[Word family]

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[语境串记]

I was inspired

with yourinspiring

remarks, which brought me a creative inspiration. 你鼓舞人心的评论激励着我，给我带来了创作的灵感。

7．(教材P43)Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth? 为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？

assume vt.假定，假设；认为

(1)assume ...to be ...

assume (that) ...

It is (generally) assumed that ...

(2)assumption n.

make an assumption

on the assumption that ...

(3)assuming (that) ...

人们(普遍)认为……

假定，假设

认为，假定

假定……，假设……

假定……

认为……是……

认为……

①It is reasonable toassume (that) the house prices will continue to go up. 认为房价会继续上涨是有道理的。

②We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。

③Assuming (assume) that you are right, what should we do next? 假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？

[名师点津]

在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：

①considering prep.&conj.

②given prep.

③including prep.

④supposing conj.

⑤provided/providing conj.

⑥concerning prep.

鉴于，考虑到

鉴于，考虑到

包括，包含

假设，假如

假如，如果

关于

It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC)．

人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。

在“It is＋adj.＋that ...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。

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用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary, strange, clear, possible, natural, important, likely, obvious等。

①It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪里。

it作形式主语的其他常见句型：

(1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that ... 常见的过去分词有：said, reported, believed, supposed, ordered, (well) known, suggested等。

②It_is_said_that he won the first prize. 据说他赢得了一等奖。

(2)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that ... 常见的不及物动词(短语)有：

seem, appear, happen, turn out, occur to等。

③It happened that we were all out that day. 碰巧那天我们都不在家。

(3)It＋be＋名词短语＋that ... 常见的名词(短语)有：a pity, a fact, a wonder, a surprise, no wonder等。

④It_is_a_pity_that you didn’t come in time. 很遗憾你没有及时赶到。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．On the assumption that everything is prepared, we can finish the task in 3 days. 2．We are trying our best to inspire them with courage. 3．She was a person accustomed to having (have) eight hours’

sleep a night. 4．He who does his duty is worthy of being_praised (praise)．

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．他应该知道这件事，这是重要的。

It_is_important_that he should know about this. 2．通过搬到一个新的地区我们可以学到新的文化。

We can acquire_a_new_culture by moving to a new region. 3．随着时间的推移，旧风俗有被忽略的趋势。

As time passes, old customs tend_to_be_neglected. 4．我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。

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I’m afraid your parents won’t approve_of_your_going_there. 5．最近，机动车协会力劝开车的人不要在这条公路上行驶。

The Motoring Organization is urging_drivers_not_to_travel on this road recently.

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Last week, China approved (批准) financial reforms for Wenzhou.

2．The money we raise will be going to a very worthy (崇高的) cause. 3．The competition is of vital (极其重要的) importance to us. 4．The current health care reform is beneficial (有益的) to peasants. 5．The museum has just acquired (获得，得到) a famous painting by Pablo Picasso. 6．Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ignored (不理睬) me. 7．I’m not accustomed (习惯的) to getting up so early to do morning exercise. 8．The situation is dangerous, but the UN is urging (极力要求) caution on it. 9．His public image (形象) is very different from the real person. 10．He was unwilling (不情愿的) to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．My friend urged that I applied for the job.applied→apply 2．I’m not accustomed to listen to rock music. listen→listening 3．The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixing on the blackboard. fixing→fixed 4．She said that the museum was not worthy the name. worthy→worth_或_worthy后加of 5．He doesn’t approve my leaving school this year. approve_后加of 6．We must work hard to acquire good knowledge of English. acquire_后加a 7．The sort of music he listens to varies, but tends popular music. tends_后加to 8．It is a good news to us that we are invited to a concert this evening.去掉第一个a Ⅲ.选词填空

to start with，

put forward，

get accustomed to，

in other words，

go against，

approve of，

be vital to，

be based on

1．His wife is my daughter; in_other_words,_I am his mother-in-law.

2．You cannot go_against nature. Otherwise, you will be punished sooner or later. 3．These matters are_vital_to the national security. 4．It’s not surprising that her mother doesn’t approve_of her idea.

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5．You will soon get_accustomed_to the climate soon. 6．What do you think of the plan I put_forward at the meeting? 7．The theory is_based_on a series of right assumptions.

8．To_start_with,_we haven’t enough money, and secondly we’re too busy. Ⅳ.课文语法填空

“Who 1.questions (question) much, shall learn much, and remember much，”

said Francis Bacon. Now 2.it seems obvious how we acquire knowledge and understanding. However, in the 17th century, people believed more in religion 3.than in facts. As 4.a result, people who proved scientific ideas were often punished.Many people tended 5.to_ignore (ignore) the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today, people still feel that if someone important and 6.respected (respect) says that something is right, then it must be so. 7.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is 8.constantly (constant) growing and changing. In other words, we learn more every day and 9.none of us can simply say, “We know it all.”

“All truths are easy 10.to_understand (understand) once they are discovered; the point is to discover them，”

said Galileo Galilei. Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达

尽管晨练对于我们的健康有益(be beneficial to)，但是我不习惯于(get accustomed to)早起。起初(to start with)，我的同桌极力要求我不要太懒，但是我不理睬(ignore)他。后来，我的身体很弱，而且不能集中精力学习。只有那时我才意识到健康对我们是多么重要(vital)啊！

Doing morning exercise is beneficial to our health, but I didn’t get accustomed to getting up early. To start with，my deskmate urged I (should) not be lazy, but I ignored him. Later, I became weak and couldn’t concentrate on my study. Only at that time did I realize how vital the health is to us! 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空

In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory __1__ course about 20 years ago. The professor __2__the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to __3__ how many beans the jar contained. After __4__ shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the __5__ answer, and went on saying, “You have just __6__ an important lesson about science. That is: Never __7__ your own senses.”

Twenty years later, the __8__ could guess what the professor had in mind. He __9__ himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting __10__ into an unknown world invisible (看不

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见的) to the __11__，

which can be discovered only through scientific __12__. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even __13__ the invitation. She was just __14__ to understand the world. And she __15__ that her first-hand experience could be the __16__. The professor, however, said that it was __17__. He was taking away her only __18__ for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and __19__，”

the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I __20__ the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”

语篇解读：在关于教育怎样能帮助人们成功的讨论中，一位女士对自己大约20年前上的第一堂科学入门课的情景作了回忆：课堂上教授对孩子们凭主观猜测来认识肉眼看不见的未知世界的方式作了否定，他在教育过程中没有考虑到十几岁孩子的认知水平和能力，导致这位只有17岁的孩子远离了科学。本文旨在告诉我们教育对一个人的成功有至关重要的作用。

1．A.art

C．science

B．history

D．math 解析：选C

由第二段中的“You have just __6__ an important lesson about science.”可知应选C项。

2．A.searched for C．got through

B．looked at

D．marched into 解析：选D

句意：教授走进演讲厅，把一个装满干豆子的大罐子放在讲桌上……既然要演讲，当然要先进演讲厅，故选D。search for“寻找”；look at“看”；get through“穿过，通过；完成；接通电话”；march into“走进，进入”。

3．A.count C．report

B．guess

D．watch 解析：选B

由第二段中的“After __4__ shouts of wildly wrong guesses ...”可知B项正确。count“数，计算”；guess“猜测”；report“报道”；watch“观看，注视”。

4．A.warning C．turning away

B．giving

D．listening to 解析：选D

学生们大喊大叫地都猜错了答案，这是教授听到的，所以才有后文的教授微笑了一下并宣布了正确答案。warn“警告”；give“给予”；turn away“把……打发走，拒绝”；listen to“听”。

5．A.ready C．correct

B．possible

D．difficult 解析：选C

前面提到学生都猜错了答案，故这里应说教授给出了正确答案。ready“准备好的”；possible“可能的”；correct“正确的”；difficult“困难的”。

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6．A.learned C．taught

B．prepared

D．taken 解析：选A

教授知道学生们是在主观猜测，故说道：“在科学方面你们刚刚得到一个重要的教训，那就是：永远不要相信自己的感觉。”learn a lesson“吸取一个教训”；prepare a lesson“准备一堂课”；teach (sb.)

a lesson“给(某人)一个教训”；take a lesson“(学生)上课”。

7．A.lose C．sharpen

B．trust

D．show 解析：选B

lose“丢失，失去”；trust“相信，信任”；sharpen“使锋利”；show“展示；表明；给……看”。结合第6个小题的解析可知B项正确。

8．A.lecturer C．speaker

B．scientist

D．woman 解析：选D

由下文的描述可知，20年后，那位女士能猜出教授心里想的是什么。

9．A.described C．saw

B．respected

D．served 解析：选C

句意：也许教授认为自己是让学生开始了一次通向一个肉眼看不见的未知世界的令人兴奋的旅程，而这一未知世界只有通过科学手段才能被发现。see ...as ...“认为……是……”，符合语境。

10．A.voyage C．change

B．movement

D．rush 解析：选A

此处voyage指抽象的探索科学真理的过程。movement“活动，运动”；change“变化”；rush“冲，匆忙”。这三项都表达不出科学探索之路的艰辛。

11．A.professor C．knowledge

B．eye

D．light 解析：选B

an unknown world invisible to the eye肉眼看不见的未知世界。professor“教授”；knowledge“知识”；light“光线”。这三项均不符合语境。

12．A.model C．spirit

B．senses

D．methods 解析：选D

肉眼看不见的未知世界只有通过科学手段去发现。model“模型，样式”；sense“感官，感觉；意义”；spirit“精神”；method“手段，方法”。

13．A.hear C．present

B．make

D．refuse 解析：选A

但是当时17岁的女孩无法接受甚至听不明白教授的启发。根据句意可知A项正确。hear“听明白，听清楚”；make“使，让”；present“赠予；提交”；refuse

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“拒绝”。

14．A.suggesting C．pretending

B．beginning

D．waiting 解析：选B

(17岁的)她刚刚开始了解这个世界。根据语境可知B项正确。suggest“建议”，后面不接动词不定式，可排除；pretend“假装”；wait“等待，等候”。

15．A.believed C．proved

B．doubted

D．explained 解析：选A

并且她相信她的亲身经历可能就是真理。根据语境可知A项正确。believe“相信”；doubt“怀疑”；prove“证明，证实”；explain“解释”。

16．A.growth C．faith

解析：选D

growth“生长；成长”；strength“力气；优点”；faith“忠诚，忠实”；truth“事实；真理”。根据语境可知应选D项。

17．A.firm C．wrong

B．interesting

D．acceptable

B．strength

D．truth 解析：选C

由上文可知，教授说那是错误的，故说．..it was wrong.。firm“坚定的，牢固的”；interesting“有趣的”；wrong“错误的”；acceptable“可接受的”。

18．A.task C．success

B．tool

D．connection 解析：选B

他(教授)只说那是错误的，而没告诉她其他去了解世界的方法，也就是说教授把她唯一了解世界的方法(tool，即first-hand experience)给否定了，却未提供给她了解世界的其他方法。tool除了有“工具”的含义外，还有“方法”之意，故选B。task“任务”；success“成功”；connection“联系”。

19．A.cruel C．frightened

B．proud

D．brave 解析：选C

由上文可知，女孩应感到渺小、(由于迷茫而)害怕。cruel“残酷的”；proud“自豪的”；frightened“惊吓的，害怕的”；brave“勇敢的”。

20．A.dropped C．passed

B．started

D．missed 解析：选A

当时女孩做了唯一能做的事：当天下午就放弃了科学课，从此再也没有走近科学。drop“放弃；终止”；start“开始”；pass“通过；推移；消磨；打发”；miss“错过，想念”。

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Ⅱ.语法填空

Have you ever wished your vacation could meet all your __1__ (expect)? Well, this is possible when you choose __2__ (go) on a cruise. Recently, cruises have become __3__ more popular choice than traditional forms of traveling. __4__ is not necessary to make reservations (预订) at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transportation __5__ advance. Everything you can imagine is available whenever you want it on a cruise ship. Cruise ships are like miniature (小型的) cities on water.They are fully loaded with restaurants __6__(serve) all kinds of dishes. The staterooms can be compared to the rooms __7__ (find) in five-star hotels. The big difference is __8__ you get to have a moving ocean view. What’s more, there are activities for people of all ages and interests. Various sports facilities (设施) like gyms and rock climbing walls as well as clubs and shops are also __9__ (access). Quality entertainments like Broadway shows and live music __10__ (provide), too. 答案：1.expectations

由all及your可知，设空处应填名词expectations (期望)。meet one’s expectations 意为“不辜负某人的期望”。

2．to go

choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”。

3．a

choice作“选择”讲，是可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。

4．It

设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是to make reservations ...advance，故填It。

5．in

in advance意为“提前”。

6．serving

设空处作后置定语，且restaurants与serve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填serving。

7．found

设空处作后置定语，且find与rooms之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填found。

8．that

设空处引导表语从句，又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分，故填that。

9．accessible

由语境及are可知，设空处应填形容词accessible (可使用的)。

10．are provided

entertainments与provide之间是被动关系，且由前一句的时态可知此处应用一般现在时，故填are provided。

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