Grammar and usage(1): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)10分钟试讲教案

独立主格结构辅导教案

学员姓名：

学科教师：

年

级：

辅导科目：英语

授课日期

主

题

××年××月××日

时

间

独立主格结构

教学内容

A / B / C / D / E / F段

（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）

1. 掌握独立主格结构的基本用法；

2. 能在具体的语境中灵活运用独立主格结构。

教学建议：

1.

比较这几个句子

2.

找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同；

3.

找出错误的句子并说明原因；

4.

老师重点讲解句4，并引出独立主格结构的概念。

比较下面句子：

1.

It was sunny that day and we went camping in the forest. （正确）

2.

It was sunny that day, we went camping in the forest. （错误）

3.

It was sunny that day, so we went camping in the forest. （正确）

4.

It being sunny that day, we went camping in the forest. （正确）

教学建议：

1.

此部分内容建议老师根据学生的程度选择使用；

2.

对于程度中等及偏上的学生可采用以教带学的方式，每个学生负责一个知识点进行讲解，辅以对应的练习来检测学生掌握情况，对于学生错误较多之处老师进行重点讲解和拓展；

3. 对于程度中等以下的学生，老师需要对没一个考点逐一进行讲解；

4. 较简单的课堂练习可以采取边做边讲或者现场提问的形式以节约课堂时间。

独立主格结构

i. 构成及类型

1. 构成：“名词／代词十分词／形容词／副词／不定式／介词短语”＝“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语／表语”。

2. 作用：相当于状语从句，表示方式或伴随的状态或动作；有时也表示时间、原因、条件。

3. 独立主格的结构类型：

1)名词／代词十现在分词（具有主动意义）

2)名词／代词+过去分词（具有被动意义）

3)名词／代词十形容词

4)名词／代词+不定式

5)名词／代词+介词短语

6)名词／代词十副词

7) there being结构

4. “with十宾语+补语”＝“with十独立主格结构”，表示伴随、原因或条件。

专项练习

1. It

heavily, the game had to be delayed. A. was snowing B. snowing C. snowed D. had snowed 2.

, the lecture began. A. The listeners having taken their seats

B. Having taken their seats C. Taking their seats D. The listeners to take their seats 3.

, Tom went out to play. A. There was nothing to do B. There had nothing to do C. As there had nothing to do D. There being nothing to do 4.

, the leaves are beginning

. A. Autumn comes ... to fall B. Autumn coming ... to fall C. As autumn coming ... falling D. Autumn to come . . . falling 5. ________ , the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions 6. _______ , the patient can leave the hospital.

A.

If better conditions B.

If conditions better C. If conditions are better D. Being better conditions 7. ________ , we'd like to go outing. A. Being Sunday

B. Sunday OK C. Sunday is OK 8.

________ , we'd like to go outing. A.

If Sunday is OK

B. Sunday being OK

C. Sunday OK 9. _______ , you can wait a while. A. The play being still on B. The play still on C. Being still on the play D. A and B 10. _______ , so you can wait a while. A. The play is still on B. The play being still on C. As the play is still on D. The play still on

Keys:

1-5 B A D B B

6-10 C B D D A

[来源:Zxxk.Com]D. If Sunday OK D. A,B and C

ii. 独立主格结构表达的意义

1. 表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。

2. 说明时间或顺序。

3. 表示原因。

4. 表示条件。

专项练习

1. The man rushed into the house, his face

under his cap. A. hiding B. having hidden C. hidden D. to hide 2.

no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was 3.

no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being

B. As there was C. Being D. There was 4. _______ Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C.

It being D. Having been 5. ______ Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. As it being B. Being C. It is D. As it is 6. _______ , the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal C. The signal being given D. The signal giving 7. ______ , the train started. A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal D. After the signal was given 8. ______ , the text became easier for us to learn. A. Explaining new words B. New words explained C. Being explained new words D. Having explained new words 9. ______ , the text became easier for us to learn. A. When new words were explained B. Explaining new words C. New words explaining D. Being explained new words 10. So many problems _______ , I'm in a tight corner.

A. settled B. remained to settle C. being settled D. remaining to be settled 11. The speech _______ , a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered 12. My money _______ , I have to do some part-time job

my living. A. has run out ... earning B. is running out ... to earn C. has been run out ... earning D. running out ... to earn 13. _______ , we don't have to go home on foot. A. There comes a bus B. Coming a bus there C. There coming a bus D. Because the bus coming 14. The meeting ______ over, we all left the room. A. is B. to be C. being D. would be 15. European football is played in 80 countries, it

the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 16. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 17. The fish _______ bad, the children left much of it

. A. tasted, untouched B. tasting, untouched C. tasting, untouching D. tasted, untouching 18. ________ from what you say, he ought to succeed. A. Judged B. Judging C. When you judged D. Because you judge 19. Everything _______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 20. Time _______ , I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown. A. permit B. permitted C. being permitted D. permitting 21. The boy followed the nobleman here,

. A. a sword in hand B. a sword in his hand B. being a sword in hand D. sword in hand 22. The boy followed the nobleman here

. A. with a sword in his hand B. with a sword in hand C. with a sword being in hand D. a sword being in hand 23. He left the office,

_______ . A. tears being in eyes B. tears in eyes C. being tears in eyes D. with tears being in eyes 24. He left the office _______ . A. with tears being in eyes B. with tears in her eyes C. being tears in eyes D. tears being in eyes

Keys:

1-5 CAB CD

6-10 AD BAD

11-15

DDGCA

16-20 ABBBD

21-24 DABB

非谓语动词综合练习

1. Julia was required to write a letter to her teacher with a computer, _____ different letter types, colors and spaces. A. used

B. to use

C. using

D. and use 2. This product was launched in 2006 and sales rose steadily over the following two years period, ________ a total of 40,000 in 2008.

A. reached

B. to reach

C. and reaching

D. reaching 3. Besides the Internet, television is another major way of communication _______us to see the performer as well as to hear the voice.

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. being permitted

D. permitted 4. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving, but ______ our work, we turned down the offer. A. not finished

B. not having finished

C .not finishing

D. having not finished 5._____ his capability in dealing with kinds of people, he was appointed chairman of the committee. A. To be considered

B. Considering

C. Being considered

D. Having considered

6. _____ a bright read dancing shoe, she started to perform elegant dances with arms and fingertips with her body turning beautifully with rhythmic steps and movements. A. Worn

B. Wearing

C. Being worn

D. To wear 7. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _______ in Cuba.

A. being cultivated

B. been cultivated

C. having cultivated D. cultivating 8. Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain and slowing brain activity.

A. to cause

B. causing

C. cause

D. caused 9. The newly concluded National People’s Congress has passed a package of economic policies _____ 8% of yearly economic growth.

A. target

B. to target

C. targeting

D. targeted 10．Even today, poverty is still a big problem in the United States, ______ more than 10 percent of the whole population.

A. and that affect B. affected C. affecting D. it affects Keys:

CDABB

BABCC

教学建议：

1．

规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；

2．

相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；

3．

做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；

4．

让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。

A.Choose the best answer.

1. The thief stood before the policeman,

admitting what he had done.

A. with his drooping head B. drooping his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 2. _________ , he can't go out for a walk as usual. A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth

and his eyes

. A. closed; open B. closed; opened

C. closing; open D. closing; opening 4. All things ________ , the plan trip will have to be called off. A. be considered

B. considered C. considering D. having considering 5. _______ , we have to get down to business right away. A. As there was no time left B. There is no time left C. There being no time left D. There to be no time left 6.

yesterday, we went out for a walk. A. As a fine day

B. It was a fine day C. It being a fine day D. For it was a fine day 7. The old man stood there,

. A. with back against the wall B. with his back against the wall C. with back against wall D. his back against wall 8. _______ , I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits

B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 9.

, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 10. ________ , we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 11. _______ , the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 12. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.

A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down

C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 13. _________ , the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 14. ________ , I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost

C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 15. I used to sleep with the window ______ . A. opened B. open C. opening D. to open 16. ________ , the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 17. _________ production up by 60% , the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 18. With a lot of work ________ , I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do

[来源学科网][来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:Zxxk.Com]

19. He stood there silently, his lips _______ . A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembled 20. _________ , her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 21. ________ , we will surely succeed. A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping 22. The lecture _________ , he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker. A. began B. beginning C. having begun D. being beginning 23. Such _________ the case, I have no other choices. A. being B. is C. was D. to be 24. Darkness

in, the young people strolled on the streets. A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set 25. With all factors

, we think this program may be better than all the others in achieving the goal. A. being considered

B. considering C. considered D. are considered 26. A new technique ________ , the production increased by 20 percent. A. to have been worked out B. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out 27. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears

, alert, listening. A. pointed B. pointing C. are pointed D. are pointing 28. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work

, we didn't accept the offer. A. not being finished B. not having finished C. had not been finished D. was not finished 29. There are various kinds of metals, each

its own properties (特殊). A. has B. had C. to have D. having 30. The production

steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up

Keys: 1-5 DA ABC

6-10 CBCCA

11-15 CDBBB

16-20 CCDAB

21-25 BCABC

26-30 DBADC

B.用括号单词的正确形式填空。

1. Ahh, what a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down _____ (eat). 2.

Even though the consequences of smartphone distraction（注意力分散）are sometimes_____ (amuse), they can also be serious. 3. The number of children _____ (admit) to hospitals after accidents in public playgrounds has climbed by about a third in five years, according to NHS data.

4.

Experts in both Britain and the US, where a similar rise has occurred suggest some of the increase may be a result of parents being too distracted by their phones _____ (take) care of their children properly. 5. And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-olds, since 11 is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely _____ (send) a text when it happens.

6. Self-care is necessary for our physical and mental health, yet often it’s the first thing we drop when we find ourselves _____ (stretch) for time. 7. Instead of ______(move) back to Norway to live with her relatives, his mother decided to remain in Britain.

[来源学科网ZXXK]

8. It had been her husband’s wish to have their children_____(educate) in the best school in the world. 9. But I decided _________ (give) them another try because I’m in London.

To give 10. Then I slid off the road,_________ (hit) a wooden fence post. hitting 11. However wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready ______(help).

12. Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right ______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they? 13. One said that she would meet one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends_____ (disappoint) in real life.

14. Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people______ (trap).

15. It is also a major ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, which itself causes a variety of illnesses.

Keys: 1-10: To eat; amusing; admitted; to take; to be sending; stretched; moving; educated; to give; hitting 11-15: to help ; to make; disappointing; trapped; contributing

C.翻译下面句子。

1.

他下定决心要实现抱负。(determine)

2.

居民们都希望有朝一日能更方便地享受图书馆的优质服务。（access）

3.

老师的赞赏给了我很大的鼓舞，这对一名学生而言非常宝贵。（which）

4.

接完电话，他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。（with）

5.

实验结果与我们所期望的大相径庭，但我们相信探索越多，就越可能成功。（likely）

Keys:

1. He is determined to realize/accomplish/achieve/fulfill his ambition. 2. Residents all hope that they can have easy access to the quality service of libraries one day(some day).

3. The teacher’s compliment(s) gave me(filled me with) a great encouragement(inspiration), which is so precious for a student.

4. Having answered the phone, he left the office in a hurry ( rushed out of the office) with the door open and the light(s ) on.

5. The result of the experiment is totally different (contrary to) from what we have expected, but we believe (that) the more we explore, the more likely we are to/will succeed.

1. 构成：“名词／代词十分词／形容词／副词／不定式／介词短语”＝“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语／表语”。

2. 作用：相当于状语从句，表示方式或伴随的状态或动作；有时也表示时间、原因、条件。

3. 独立主格的结构类型：

1)名词／代词十现在分词（具有主动意义）

2)名词／代词+过去分词（具有被动意义）

3)名词／代词十形容词

4)名词／代词+不定式

5)名词／代词+介词短语

6)名词／代词十副词

7) there being结构

4. “with十宾语+补语”＝“with十独立主格结构”，表示伴随、原因或条件。

ii. 独立主格结构表达的意义

1）. 表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。

2）. 说明时间或顺序。

3）. 表示原因。

4）. 表示条件。

教学建议：

1. 规定学生在30分钟内完成；

2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；

3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；

4．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；

5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。

【巩固练习】

A.Choose the best answer 1.

1. You’ll find the hot issue that Da Vinci Furniture Co., Ltd sold fraud furniture _________ all over China.

A. talk about

B.to talk about

C. talking about

D. talked about

2. Wearing shoes _______ for the activity you are doing can help avoid some foot injuries to a large extent.

A. design

B. designing

C. designed

D. to design 3. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information ______to them quickly and cheaply. A. deliver

B. delivering

C. delivered

D. to deliver 4. ______ wondering which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.

A. Leaving

B. Having left

C. To leave

D. Left5. ______ not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous．

A. Being reminded

B. To remind

C

Having reminded

D. Reminded 6. Seed plants – plants _____ from seeds – need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously. A. grown

B. to grow

C. to be grown

D. having grown 7. Badly _____ charities often give a portion of donations to their causes while spending the majority of money on salaries.

A. managing

B. managed

C. having managed

D. to be managed 8. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work out well.

A. carrying out

B. being carried out

C. carried out

D. to be carried out 9. Judging from the date _______ on the gold coin, we can tell that it was made 500 years ago.

A. being marked

B. marked

C. to mark

D. to be marked 10. Such an educational program can teach students how to make positive choices when ______ with conflict. A. facing

B. having been faced

C. having faced

D. faced 11. ______ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven 12.________ for her powerful and pure voice, Houston was the

winner of 6 Grammys and 22 American music awards. A. Being known

B. Knowing

C. Known

D. Having been known 13. _________ with only about 1000 pandas, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species.

A. Leaving

B. Left

C. To leave

D. Having left

Keys: 1-5 DCCDD

6-10 ABCBD

11-13 ACB

B. Choose the best answer 2.

1. A disabled boy begging on the street was reported ___________ by a car, but the driver fled instead of sending him to hospital.

A. being hit

B.to be hit

C. having been hit

D.to have been hit 2. This scientist is known _______ on this problem for about ten years.

A. to work

B. to be working

C. to have been working

D. to have been worked 3

People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed. A. to control

B. controlled

C. controlling

D. having controlled 4. It is the duty of a teacher _____ the interest of students and pass on knowledge to them.

A. to be stimulating

B. to have stimulated C. to be stimulated

D. to stimulate 5. What people learned from China Got Talented was that there were so many talented people out there waiting

______. A. to discover

B. to be discovered

C. discovered

D. being discovered

6. ______ the burden of carrying heavy school bags, some schools introduced iBooks a few weeks ago. A. Eliminating

B. Eliminated

C. To eliminate

D. Having eliminated

7. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident ______ them immediately.

A. to contact

B. contact

C. contacting

D. need contact

8. We had better not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _____ at an international conference next month.

A. being delivered

B. to be delivered

C. to deliver

D. delivered

9. With recent permission from Chinese government, Japan has become the first country _________ huge sums of Chinese government bond (债券).

A. allows to buy

B. to allow to buy

C. to be allowed buying

D. to be allowed to buy 10. Medical teams are reported ________ to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.

A. to have been sent

B. to be sent

C. sent

D. having been sent KEYS:1-5 DCADB

6-10 CABDA

C.

After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A) The Thanksgiving Day was coming, a school teacher asked her class of first graders to draw a picture of something they were thankful for. She_

1

(think) of how little these children from poor neighborhoods actually

had to be thankful for. But she knew that most of them would draw pictures of turkeys or tables with food. The teacher was surprised

2

the picture Douglas handed in – a smile childishly drawn hand.

But

3

hand? The class was puzzled by the abstract image. “I think it must

be the hand of God __4__ brings us food,” said one child. “A farmer,” said__5___, “because he grows the turkeys.” Finally when the others were at work, the teacher bent over Douglas’ desk and asked whose hand it was. “It’s

6

hand, Teacher,” he answered.

She recalled that frequently after class she had taken Douglas, a short lonely child by the hand . She often did that with___7__ children. But it meant so much to Douglas. Perhaps this was everyone’s Thanksgiving, not for the material things

8

(give) to us but for the chance, in whatever small way, to give to others.

Keys: 1. thought

2. at

3. whose

4.that

5. another

6. your

7. the

8. given

(B) In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table. _ 1

waitress put a glass of water in front of him. “How much is an ice cream ?” “Fifty-cents,” _

2

(reply) the waitress .The little boy pulled

3

right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. “How much is a dish of plain ice cream?” he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service ___4___the waitress grew a bit impatient . “Thirty-five cents,” she said rudely

.

The little boy carefully counted the coins again . “I will have a plain ice cream,” he said. The waitress walked

away. The boy finished the ice cream,___5__(pay)the cashier and left . It was not long

6

the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at _7

she saw. There,

__8__(place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip!

Keys: 1.

A

2. replied 3.his 4. and 5.paid 6.before 7. what 8. placed