Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions优质课一等奖教案

虚拟语气

The Subjunctive Mood 一、语气的分类和意义

类

别

陈述语气

疑问语气

祈使语气

虚拟语气

语

法

意

义

用来陈述事实或提出想法的语气。

用来提出问题或询问情况。

用来提出请求、劝告、警告、命令等。

动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。

二、在条件状语从句中运用

情

况

与现在事实相反；

与将来事实相反；

与过去事实相反；

错综时间虚拟句

动词用过去完成时（had would/should/ done）

done 主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其谓语动词形式要根据具体时间而定。一般有两种情况：从句说的是过去，而主句讲的是现在；从句说的是现在，而主句讲的是过去或将来，例如：

If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.（条件句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”的形式）

If I were you, I would have gone with him that day. (条件句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟)

if 的省略与倒装

在正式文体中，有时可以省去if，而将从句中的were, had, should

提到主语前，形成倒装，如：

If time were to go back (= Were time to go back), I would work double hard. If he had not left so early (=Had he not left so early), he might have missed the bus. If it should be fine tomorrow (= Should it be fine tomorrow) , we would go for an outing.

含蓄条件句

有时虚拟条件不用从句，而用without, but for, otherwise等，或上下文暗示条件来表示。如：

Without air (= If there were no air), we couldn’t live.

I am busy now, otherwise, I would help you.

miIf you had come yesterday, you would have could/might + have met Georgia.

1. 动词用一般过去时

2. should +动词原形

3. were to + 动词原形

If 从句动词的形式

动词用一般过去时（be动词用were）

主句动词的形式

would/should/

might/ could

+ 动词原形

here. 2. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.

If it rained/ should/ were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

例

句

1. If I were you, I would choose

to work

例

句

Our city has experienced great changes.

How long have you been living here? Come in and take a seat. 用来表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望时，If only you could understand me!

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三、在名词性从句中运用

类别

宾

语

从

句

主语wish 后

用法说明

与现在情况相反：从句用一般过去时

与过去情况相反：从句用过去完成时

与将来情况相反：从句用should/ would+ 动词原形

建议（

suggest, advise, recommend, propose) 要求（

ask, desire, demand, request, require）

敦促

（urge）等

注意：suggest, insist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明, 坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

例句

I wish I lived on the seashore. I wish you had come to the wedding. I wish you could come to the party tomorrow.

immediately; you are very ill. 坚持（insist）决定

( decide ) 命令（order, command）

I insisted you go

to the hospital I suggested that we should go there on foot.

The result of the test suggested that he was ill. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

在It is/ was + necessary/ important / possible/ strange It is important that we (should) think

requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。

It is suggested that parents spend more time with their children alone. her. The boss gave an order that the project be completed soon.

四、在其他句型中运用

从句

that…, It is/ was suggested/ demanded/ ordered/ before we decide. 表语或同在insist, order, command, suggestion, advice, proposal, My suggestion is that we should visit

requirement, demand, request等词后的表语或同位语位语

从句中，其从句的谓语动词用(should)+ 动词原形，从句

should可以省略。

类

别

as if, though引导的表语或方式状语从句

would rather后的从句

if only 句型感叹句中

用法说明

从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为as 事实，用陈述语气。

用虚拟语气。与现在情况相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时；与将来情况相反，从句用should/ would+ 动词原形

与现在或将来情况相反：从句用一般过去时；与过去情况相反：从句用过去完成时。

例句

It looks as if we’ll be late.

People treat me as if I were

a dangerous person. They are talking as if they had been

old friends. I would rather you stayed at home now. I would rather you had gone there. 该句型意为：但愿…，要是…就好了。If only I were younger！

通常其后用一般过去时或过去完成时。

If only I had listened to your advice！

If only I could speak several foreign languages! It is (high) It is (high/about) time that… 从句谓语

2 It is time we had/should have a rest.

time that…

多用一般过去时，也可用（should）+ 动原

It is high time you should make your mind. if it were not 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not If it were not for the rain, the crops would for/ if it had been for 条件句的虚拟语气中,表示“要not been for 不是因为……”

相当于but for…

die. If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time.

巩固练习及高考链接: 1.

The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation. A. made

B. make

C. makes

D. will make 2.

Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being. A. do

B. don’t do

C. didn’t do

D. will not do 3.

After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place. A. be

B. am

C. was

D. were

4.

The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. A. sent

B. sends

C. send

D. must send 5.

It’s high time you ______.

A. start to work

B. would start to work

C. started to work

D. had started to work 6.

If only he ______ as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.

A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie 7. How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had 8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. A. obeys

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken 10. Supposing the weather _______ bad, where would they go?

A. will be

B. is

C. were

D. Be 11. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made

B. If you had taken; would make

C. Were you lo take; shouldn’t have made

D. Have you taken; won t have made 12.【2013陕西12】

My mom suggests that we______ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should

B. might

C. could

D. would 13.【2013重庆29】—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

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—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_______. A. hadn’t

B. haven't

C. didn't

D. don't 14.【2013福建30】—Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he

_______ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive

B. drove

C. would have driven

D. had driven 15.【2013浙江8】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old.

A. was

B. be

C. were

D. is 16.【2013安徽28】I_______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.

A. went

B. had gone

C. would go

D. would have gone 17. 【2013天津14】If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_______ able to speak it much better now. A. will be

B. would be

C. has been

D. would have been 18.【2013北京34】

If we _______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked

B. booked

C. book

D. had booked

19.(2012北京卷)35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is

B. were

C. has been

D. had been 20.(2012安徽卷) 31. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. lived

D. were to live 21.(2012湖南卷)29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A. have had

B. had had

C. have

D. had 22.(2012福建卷)31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visit

D. would have visited

23.(2012陕西卷)17. If my car _________ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was

B. had been C. should be

D. would be 24.(2012山东卷)30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

A. haven’t made

B. wouldn’t make

C. didn’t make

D. hadn’t made

25.(2012浙江卷)19. Had they known what was coming next, they_______ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had

D. might have had 26.(2012辽宁卷)33. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he________something instead of just talking.

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A. will do

B. has done

C. do

D. did

27. (2012北京卷)33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?

A. should face

B. might face

C. could have faced

D. must have faced 28.(2012天津卷) 15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.

A. didn’t offer

B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered

D. hadn’t offered

29.（2011北京卷）30．Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help．

A．studied B．would study C．had studied

D．was studying 30.（2011天津卷）15．I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me．

A．had come

B．was coming

C．would come

D．would have come 31.（2011江西卷）28．We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury．

A．will put

B．will have put

C．would put

D．would have put 32.（2011福建卷）34．—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution．

—I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview．

A．attended

B．had attended

C．would attend

D．would have attended 33.（2011陕西卷）22．I__________through that bitter period without your generous help．

A．couldn’t have gone

B．didn’t go

C．wouldn’t go

D．hadn’t gone

34.（2011北京卷）28．- Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined．

- I wish they _________ always late．

A．weren’t

B．hadn’t been

C．wouldn’t be

D．wouldn’t have been

35.（2010北京卷34）----The weather has been very hot and dry.

----Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables__________ .

A. wouldn't die

B. didn't die

C. hadn't died

D. wouldn't have died 36.（2010福建卷29）.Teachers recommend parents______their children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow

B. do not allow

C. mustn’t allow

D. couldn’t allow 37.（2010湖南卷29）. If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow 38．（2010江苏卷34）. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

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39．(2010天津卷15). ---- John went to the hospital alone. ---- If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell

B. tells

C. told

D. had told 40.（2010浙江卷10）. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ____________ .

A. would have been saved

B. had been saved

C. will be saved

D.was saved 41. (2014湖南22) If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A.

were

B. had been

C. should be

D. Was 42.（2014北京卷34）We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are

B. were

C. will be

D. would be 43.（2014福建卷32). ________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A. Were there

B. Had there been

C .If there are

D. If there have been 44. （2014陕西卷23）We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay

B. has stayed

C. stayed

D. Stay 45. （2014天津卷15）________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch

B. should be catch

C. has he caught

D. Had he caught 46. （2014浙江卷

16）

They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help. A. would have come

B. could come

C. have come

D. had come

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