Grammar and usage(2): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)ppt课件教学实录

独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）教学设计

Teaching aims:

1. To guide students to summarize the basic structure of the Absolute Phrase

2. To enable students to master the skills of analyzing the questions Teaching keys and difficulties:

1. Put forward the questions to lead students to think and summarize the structure 2. Train students ability to analyze by themselves following teacher’s analyzing methods Teaching procedures: Step one:

Learn about the basic concepts of the Absolute Phrase and summarize the structure of the Absolute Phrase after analyzing the following sample sentences Time permitting , we shall start tomorrow. = If time permits, we shall start tomorrow.

Flowers to be planted, the newly-built school will look beautiful. = If flowers are planted, the newly-built school will look beautiful.

All tickets (having been) sold out, we had to wait to next week’s show.

= After all tickets had been sold out, we had to wait to next week’s show.

Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall.

= Because nobody was in, I didn’t enter the hall.

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

= Because there is no bus, we had to walk home.

Food being cooked, I fell asleep. = When food was being cooked, I fell asleep.

The question being discussed, a man came up with a solution. = When the question was being discussed, a man came up with a solution.

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard./with his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(伴随状语)

He was backing into the room, his face (being) pale. = He was backing into the room, and his face is pale./with his face pale.

He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head. = He lay there thinking, and his hands behind his head./with his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 独立主格的概念:

独立主格结构是由“n/代词+非谓语动词/adj/adv/介宾短语”构成的独立成分，常在句中作(时间/条件/原因/方式/伴随)状语，可转化为相应的状语从句。大多数独立主格结构可与”with/ without +宾语+宾补结构”互换。非谓语动词的主被动与其前面的n/代词保持一致。独立主格结构不是句子(无谓语V),它与句子之间连接只用逗号连接,无并列连词或从句引导词(此句反之成立)。

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独立主格结构的句子结构：

独立主格结构中非谓语动词与其前面的n/代词的主被动语态保持一致

简单句

，

n/代词

+非谓语动词/adj/adv/介宾(作状语/定语) …

n/代词

+ 非谓语动词/adj/adv/介宾(作状语/定语)… , 简单句

独立主格结构中非谓语动词与其前面的n/代词的主被动语态保持一致

Step two: 独立主格和非谓语动词作状语句子结构对比

非谓语动词作状语句子结构：

非谓语动词作状语与简单句主语的主被动语态保持一致

非谓语动词(作状语)…… , 简单句

简单句

，

非谓语动词(作状语) …….

非谓语动词作状语与简单句主语的主被动语态保持一致

Teacher guides students to compare the two structures and summarize the differences. Step three:

Teacher lead students to analyze the questions about Absolute Phrase and then train students to analyze by themselves according to the following forms 独立主格结构解题参照表格

主动

翻译: (肯定)已做一段时间后/

(否定)还没……

doing(主动) doing(主动正在) to do(将来) Analyzing procedures:

1. 判断是谓语还是非谓语：根据中间逗号连接，有连词为谓语，无连词为非谓语

2. 分析非谓语动词与前面名词/代词的主被动语态

3. 分析语意是否强调时间上的已经/正在/将来

4. 从“独立主格结构解题参照表格”中选择对应的正确形式

Consolidation exercises: 1.______, we started out.

A. Everything ready

B. Everything are ready

C. Everything is ready

D. All is ready

2. The speech ______, a lively discussion started.

2 被动

(not)having done =after sb/sth+谓V主动

(not)having been done= after sb/sth

谓V被动

done 被动/已被

being done 正被

to be done将被

A. being delivered

B. was delivered

C. be delivered

D. having been delivered 3. The listeners _____________(take) their seats, the concert began. 4. Night _______ (fall), we hurried home.

When night _______(fall), we hurried home. 5. Jack ran back to the kitchen, eggs _______ carefully in her hands. A. to be held

B. held

C. to hold

D. holding A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched 8. (With) so many children __________ (look after), the mother has to quit the job. 9. My bike ______________ (repair), I have to borrow one.

6. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.

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