Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions课程导入

Unit 3

Understanding each other Grammar and usage

赵娜英

宜兴市阳羡高级中学

Teaching goals Help the students learn and master some grammatical rules of the Subjunctive Mood in Unreal Conditionals Teaching important and difficult points Help the students to learn three types of unreal conditionals; Enable the students to master the inversion in unreal conditionals Teaching methods

Translation , Making up sentences and cooperative learning. Teaching aids A computer and a projector Teaching procedure and ways Step one Lead-in and Revision 1Let the students enjoy a piece of video and then think about a question: If you had a chance to fly to space, what things would you do now? 2Translate the following sentences into English!

要是你在10分钟前进入聊天室的话,你就知道我们在谈些什么了.

________________________________________________________ 如果我在英国结婚,我会得到客人的礼物.

_________________________________________________________ 如果你来到了文莱,你进别人家门之前得脱鞋.

_________________________________________________________ 语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：

1. 陈述语气

用来叙述事实或提出疑问.广泛用于陈述句,疑问句,感叹句

E.g. :

I will come tomorrow.

2.祈使语气

是说话人用来向对方下达命令,指示提出要求,劝告等所用的动词形式.主要用于祈使句. E.g. ;

Don’t write in your book.

3.虚拟语气

是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式.

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虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学习虚拟语气时，常常会叹道：

If there were no subjunctive mood, English______ much easier.

A. will be

B. would have been

C. could have been

D. would be

Step two Explanation 虚拟语气的定义

虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式.

(一)一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法

归纳

现在

过去

将来

If从句的谓语形式

did(were) had done 1 did 2 should do 3 were to do 主句的谓语形式

would/could/should/might+do would/could/should/might+have done would/could/should/might+do

（二）条件句中虚拟语气的倒装

We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more. Please rewrite the sentences:

1)

If you should make a mistake,

you should not be embarrassed.

______________________________________________________

2

) If you had told me earlier, I would

not have this problem now.

______________________________________________________

3)

If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. __________________________________________________________ 注意: 如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式.

我们可以说: Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但是不能说: Weren’t it for …

____ she ____ yesterday, she would

meet the famous singer today. A.

Hadn’t; left

B. Had; not left

C .If; didn’t leave

D. Didn’t; leave

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（三）错综时间条件句

当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。

1. If the flower had been watered, it ______ now.

A. wouldn’t die

B. is dead

C. had been dead

D. will not die

2. If his television set had not been stolen

yesterday, he ______ TV now.

A. would watch

B. would have watched

C. would be watching

D. is watching

If you ________(study) hard before, you _______(be) a college student now and you __________(graduate) from a college in fours’ time.

Step three Consolidation 1.

Everything

if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.

A. will be destroyed

B. will have been destroyed

C. would be destroyed

D. would have been destroyed

2. The business is risky. But______, we would be rich.

A. should we succeed

B. we should succeed

C. might we succeed

D. would we succeed

3. What would have happened,

________, as far as the river bank?

A.

Bob had walked farther

B.

if Bob should walk farther

C.

had Bob walked farther

D.

if Bob walked farther

4. I _____ you some money, but I

hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend

B. would have lent

C. could lend

D

may have lent

5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Was he leaving

B. If he leaves

C. Were he to leave

D. If he is leaving

6. Supposing this ship

,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A.

were to sink

B. has sunk

C. was sinking

D. sunk

7. ----You can ask your brother

for help.

----He isn’t at home. If he ____, I ___.

A.

were, would

B. is, would

C.

is, will

D. were, will

8. —— Are you thinking about going to

Dalian for the vacation?

—— No, but if I _____ time, I __________ very

glad to go there.

A.

have, will be

B.

had had, would have been

C.

had, would be

D.

had had, would be

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Step four Discussion Topic: If you were to become an environment ministry of China, how many pieces of suggestions would you come up with at the meeting and what would they be? Summary of this class(本节小结) 一. 英语中语气包括三种:陈述语气,祈使语

气,虚拟语气. 二.虚拟语气用在if 引导的与现在事实,将来事实,过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从

句中. 三.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装

四.错综时间条件句

Step five Homework

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