Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions教学实录与评析

Review of Subjunctive Mood

Teaching aims: 1.

Master the definition of subjunctive mood. 2.

Master some basic sentence structures related to subjunctive mood. 3.

Apply what the students have learnt to practical use by finishing some exercises.

Teaching important and difficult points: 1.

How to use subjunctive mood correctly. 2.

Pay attention to some special sentence structures related to subjunctive mood.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead-in Show students the following sentences: Q:

What’s the difference between the two sentences?

If I have money, I will buy a bike. 真实条件句

If I had money, I would buy a spaceship. 虚拟条件句

Step 2 Definition 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望或假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气中的说话者所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的或是其现实的可能性微乎其微，甚至没有实现的可能性，但有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。

Step 3 Introduction 虚拟语气的分类: •

1.If 条件句的虚拟语气

•

2.名词性从句的虚拟语气

•

3.其它特殊句型的虚拟语气

一、

if引导的虚拟条件句

If引导的虚拟语气的分类：

现在相反（白日梦）

过去相反（后悔药）

将来相反（幻想症）

与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

If + 主

+ did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形

1.

如果现在我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。

If I(have) one million dollars now, I (buy) this plane.

与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

If +主

+had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might + have done 1.

如果他努力学习了的话，他就通过高考了。

If he __________ hard, he ___________ the College Entrance Examination last year. (work; pass)

与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) If + 主

+ did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形

1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事. If he

(come) here tomorrow, I ______________ (tell) him about it.

1.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet

B. would had met C. would have meet

D. would have met

2.If I her number I could ring her up.

A. had known

B. knew

C. knows

D. would know 3.If I

him tomorrow，I’m sure he would help us. (不过我不打算这样做)

A. had asked

B. ask

C. asked

D. would ask

条件从句中使用虚拟语气的注意事项：

1.错综时间条件句

2.倒装句

3.含蓄条件句

1.错综时间的条件句

假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

If you ________ your medicine yesterday, you ________ quite all right now. (take, be)

2.省略

if 的倒装虚拟条件从句

当从句中有

助动词were, had 或

should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。

If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment…

If I had followed your advice, I wouldn’t have made such foolish mistakes.

Had I followed your advice,…

3. 含蓄条件句，由介词with, without(没有), but for(要不是); 连词or, but, otherwise等暗示的虚拟结构，只有主句虚拟。

1.But for the snow , we ___ earlier yesterday.

A would arrive

B would have arrived

C arrive

D arrived

二、虚拟语气在名词性从句的运用

1、在主语从句中.

①It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important /a pity/ a shame/… + that-Clause

② It is suggested / required / ordered /...that... 从句中用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形

It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is required that you ( should ) go at once.

2、下列动词后面接的宾语从句中

一坚持

insist

两命令order, command 三建议advise, suggest, propose

四要求

demand , require, request, ask 构成：(should)+动词原形

I advised that he ___ the job as soon as possible .

A finishes

B

finished

C to finish

D

finish

Tips：

suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，

insist 表示

“坚持说”之意时，应用陈述语气。

His satisfied look suggested he liked us.

wish 的宾语从句

现在：过去时（be用were）

过去：过去完成时

had done

未来：would/should/could/might+V.

I wish I _______(be) a bird.（现在）

I wish I ____________ (make) such a mistake.（过去）

I wish I (visit)

the

moon sometime in the future . （将来）

3.

在suggestion / proposal / order/ advice / request / demand / desire

等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用

构成：

。

考题点击

1.

His suggestion is that you _____ once more .

A. try

B. tried

C. must try

D. can try

2.This suggestion that he _____

me a chance sounded reasonable.

A. given

B. gave

C. must give

D. should give

Step 4 Consolidation 1.【2015·北京】34.

If I

(not see) it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. 2.【2015·重庆】7.

Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway

his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(not write)

3.【2015·天津】13.

I wish I

(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 4. (2014北京卷)34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. (be) 5.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ___________ the schedule. (know)

不用if 6.【2015·安徽】32.

It is lucky we booked a room, or we _____________ (have) nowhere to stay now.

Step5 Homework

•

1.复习本节课所学内容并完成相关练习。

•

2.找出虚拟语气的其它特殊句型。