Grammar第一课时教学实录

非谓语动词

1. 非谓语动词的句法功能

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

主语

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宾语

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宾语补语

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表语

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定语

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状语

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动词不定式

1. 不定式作表语与“be + to do sth”的异同:

不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。 His job is to guard. be + to do sth表示按计划要做某事 He is to make a study plan. 2. 带不定式作宾语的词语。

1) afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forget like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire 2)wh-+to do: teach/decide/wonder/show/learn/forget/ask//discuss/find out 3. 不定式作宾补

1) see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel//taste/smell/make/let/have 2) 主语+ ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like + sb. to do sth. 3)主语+ think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider/feel + sb. + to be/ to have done 4)主语 + call on/depend on/wait for/ask for + sb.+ to do sth. 4. 不定式作定语的特殊用法: 1)下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance/wish/right/courage/need promise/time/opportunity/way//the first/the second/the last/the only等。

2)不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her. 3)不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in. 5. 不定式作状语 (修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的/结果/原因) (a) 动词不定式作结果状语: only to do (出人意料); too…to do…; enough to do…; so … as to do…; such + 名词… as to do

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1) He reached the station only to find that the train had gone. 2) I was so careless as to leave all my tools home. 3) The temperature is high enough to change water into steam. 4) He attempted to cover the facts only to let them out. 5) They finally reached the village, only to be told the expert had left. (b) in order(not)to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语; 1) The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. 2) I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

6. 不定式的完成时的特殊用法

1)表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句谓语动词发出的动作。

seem/appear/be said//supposed//believed///reported to have done. The novel was said to have been published. 2) be glad/happy/satisfied/sorry/surprised/disappointed to have done I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute….请稍等。（说话时还未等）

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting….让你久等了（说话时已等了很久） 3) 不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。

(a) should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。

(b) was / were to +不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。

(c) expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish +to have done, 7. 不定式的省略: (1)同一结构并列由and或or连接。

1) I want to finish my homework and go home. 2) I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

特例：To be or not to be, this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比) (2)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game. (3) “前有do,后省to”: but/except/besides/such as等

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.

(4)主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。

(5) Why not/had better/would rather/can’t but等词后省to。

He could not but walk home. 2

8. 不定式的替代及省略：为了避免重复，作宾补的不定式再次出现时， to后的内容常省略，只保留to即可；但to be或to have不省略。

1) Susan is not what she used to be. 2) I’d like/love/be happy to. 3)--You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. —I know I ought to have. 动名词

1. 动名词作宾语

1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, permit。

2)下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

3)介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 2. 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

1) begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand

意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式;表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。

I love lying (to lie)on my back. I don' t prefer to swim in the river now. It began to rain. It was beginning to snow. I like listening to music, but today I don't like to. 2) remember, forget, regret, try。

remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事

forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事

regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔

try to do sth.设法……，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试

mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 3

I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sister’s death.

Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday. 3) want, require, need These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined. need/want/require doing= need/want/require to be done 分词

1. 现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

1)时间状语Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. 2)原因状语 Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note 3)伴随状语 The girls came in, following their parents. 4)结果状语 The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. 2.过去分词作状语,相当于一状语从句,说明原因、时间、条件等。

1)原因状语Tired (Because he was tired) by the trip, he soon feel asleep. Lost in thought (As he was lost in thought), he almost ran into a car. 2)作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. 3)作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. =If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem. 4)伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and was followed by some students. 3. 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它

也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

1) Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. 2) Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 4.分词作表语: be + -ed/-ing This book is interesting. I’m interested in it very much.

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