Grammar and usage(1): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)名师教学设计1

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Grammar and usage

Step 1: General introduction This section helps us overview present tenses. You are expected to review the four types of present tense. They are the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect and the present

perfect continuous.

Step 2: Explanation I The present tense 1 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。

2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用. He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。

My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。

We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。

3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。

Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。

Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。

4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。

The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。

Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。

5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。

I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。

When you see her, just tell her that I am all right. 你见到她告诉她我很好。

Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。

If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你能接受我的邀请来参加我我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴的。

II. Present continuous tense 1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。

—what are you doing? —I am writing a letter. It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside. 2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。

Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。

He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。

3 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。

I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去见王先生。

I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。

The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。

4 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。

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The girl is always talking loud in public. 那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。

She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她经常借钱却忘记还。

She is constantly complaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。

Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

A 表示心理状态、情感的动词

Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need B 表示存在状态的动词

appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on C 表示瞬间动作的动词

allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete D 表示感官的动词

see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look III. The present perfect tense 1 表示反复发生的经历

He has hosted the show eight times. 他已经连续八次主持表演。

Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。

We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我们已去过长城多次。

2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。

He has paid his income tax. 他已经交了个人所得税。

Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。

3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。

My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。

Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。

4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。

It is (has been) +一段时间＋

since +从句

This (that/ It ) is the first (second…) time that + 完成时

This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting….+that+完成时

It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他们结婚已有3年了。

It’s the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城。

This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。

If you have done the experiment, you’ll understand the theory better. 如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车停稳之前，别忙着下车。

Notes: 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时

(1)

时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。

(2)

结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。

IV. The present perfect continuous tense

表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。

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Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。

She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。

Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。

The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。

She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了将近一个小时。

Step 3: Practice 1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article. Answers 1. am

2 have been writing

3 am looking

4 is

5 have been imagining

6 is

7 is making

8 has been planning

9 have designed

10 are printing

11 are going

12 is

13 hope

14 opens 2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense.

1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight. 2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours. 3 My family is coming to watch my show. 优课轩资源网http://www.enteach.net未经授权，本站资源禁止用于任何商业目的

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4 I am nervous about the show. Step 4: Consolidation exercises 1. Multiple choice

1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （2004北京春）

A. has been

B had been

C was

D will be 2 I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春）

A. wouldn’t expect

B haven’t expected

C hadn’t expected

D wasn’t expecting 3 Although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression.

(2004上海春)

A hadn’t left

B didn’t leave

C doesn’t leave

D hasn’t left 4 ―Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to….

―Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it!

（2003全国）

A do

B didn’t

C did

D don’t 5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_______.（2003全国）

A has grown

B is growing

C grew

D had grown 6 Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______ fresh for several days. （2003全国）

A be stayed

B stay

C be staying

D have stayed 7 ―_______ David and Vicky _______ married?

(2003北京)

―For about three years.

A How long were; being

B How long have; got

C How long have; been

D How long did; get 8 Come and see me whenever_______.

(2003北京)

A you are convenient

B you will be convenient]

C it is convenient to you

D it will be convenient to you 9 ―When will you come to see me, Dad?

―I will go to see you when you ______ the training course.

(2003北京)

A will have finished

B will finish

C are finishing

D finish 10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______ yet.

(2003北京春)

A are not decided

B have not been decided

C has been completed

D had been completed 11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国)

A hasn’t written

B doesn’t write

C won’t write

D hadn’t write 12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______ from the university next year. （2002上海）

A will graduate

B will have graduated

C graduates

D is to graduate 13 ―Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?

―It _______.

（2004上海）

A all depend

B all depends

C is all depended

D is all depending 14 John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.

(2002北京春)

A had been; have seen

B have been; have seen

C had been; had seen

D have been; had seen 15 ―How are the team playing? 优课轩资源网http://www.enteach.net未经授权，本站资源禁止用于任何商业目的

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―They’re playing well, but one of them ______ hurt.

(2002北京春)

A got

B gets

C are being cut

D had been cut 16 Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

(2002上海春)

A cut

B are cut

C are being cut

D had been cut 17 It ______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment.

(2002上海春)

A will not be; will know

B is; will know

C will not be; know

D is; know 18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.

（2001全国）

A is changing

B has changed

C will have changed

D will change 19 I _______ ping-pong quite will, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. （2001全国）

A will play

B have played

C played

D play 20 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _______.

（2001上海）

A have survive

B are to survive

C would survive

D will survive

2. Translation 1 火车将在上午9：00点钟开。

_________________________________________________________________________. 2 那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。

_________________________________________________________________________. 3 别相信他。他经常撒谎

_________________________________________________________________________. 4 我做完家庭作业就去你家。

_________________________________________________________________________. 5 你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。

__________________________________________________________________________. Answers: 1-5 ACDDC

6-10 BCCDD

11-15 ACBDA

16-20 CCADB 1. The train starts at nine in the morning. 2 That boy is always making trouble. 3 Don’t believe him. He is always telling lies. 4 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. 5 When you are going around the street, don’t forget the traffic rules.

1.

Exercise. I单选题：

1 --Where ______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

--I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.

A did you put; have put

B have you; put

C had you put; have put

D were you putting; have put 2 No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.

A been given

B given

C to give

D be giving 3 When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except for a few words of each.

A spoke; had forgotten

B spoke; have forgotten 优课轩资源网http://www.enteach.net未经授权，本站资源禁止用于任何商业目的

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C had spoken had forgotten

D had been broken into; stolen 4 The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.

A will rain

B rains

C rained

D is raining 5 --Have you moved into the new house?

--Not yet, the rooms ________.

A are being painted

B are painting

C are painted

D are being painting 6 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?

A was happening

B to happen

C has happened

D having happened 7 --Do you know our town at all?

--No, this is the first time I ______ here.

A was

B have been

C came

D am coming 8 My dictionary ________. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it.

A has lost; don’t find

B is missing; don’t find

C has lost; haven’t found

D is missing; haven’t found 9 -- I am sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.

A have been

B had been

C was

D will be 10 I need one more stamp before my collection _______.

A has completed

B completes

C has been completed

D is completed 11 I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A hasn’t written

B doesn’t write

C won’t write

D hadn’t written 12 Great changes _______ in the city, and a lot of factories_________.

A have been taken place, have been set

B have taken place, have been set up

C have taken place, have set up

D were taken place, were set up 13 I promise that the matter will _______.

A be taken care

B be taken care of

C take care

D take care of 14 The surface of the table ______ smooth enough.

A hasn’t felt

B doesn’t feel

C isn’t feeling

D isn’t feel 15 He never let himself ________.

A being cheated

B to be cheated

C cheating

D be cheated II. 用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。

1.--How long_____ David and Vicky ______

_______(marry)? --For about three years. 2.Come and see me whenever it ______(be) convenient to you. 3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ ______(take). 4.--Are you still busy?

--Yes, I ______just ______(finish) my work, and it won’t take long.

5.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ (graduate)from the university next year. 6.Because the shop______

______(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.

7. Every possible means _____ _____ _____(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 优课轩资源网http://www.enteach.net未经授权，本站资源禁止用于任何商业目的

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8.--What’s that terrible noise?

--The neighbors ______ ______(prepare) for a party.

9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003, so they_____ _____ _____(live) there for 3 years.

10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ ______(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.

11. You _____ always______(watch) television. Why not do something more active? 12. The crazy fans _____ _____ ______(wait) patiently for two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives.

13. Don’t stop your car here. Look at the sign which _____(read) “No Parking!”

14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_____ so rapidly. 15. The surface of the table _____ _____(not feel) smooth enough. III.用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式翻译下列各句

：

1. There _____

______ ______(来了辆汽车)! Hurry up. 2. It is the second time that I_____ _____ _____(来到上海) in Shanghai. What great changes have

3. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003 and they won’t move any longer, so they______ ______ ______(live) there for 3 years

4. --- Can I help you, Madam?

--- No, thanks. I _____just______ ______(只是到处看看look around). 5. My money ______ ______ ______(快用光了run). I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.

6. New technology ______ ______ ______(正得到使用use) to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use ______ ______(不污染) the air.

. 7. It won’t be too long before we _____ _____(设计出) a way to smooth away these difficulty. 8. Collecting stamps as a hobby _____ _____(已成为) increasingly popular during the past fifty years. 9.The war between the two countries is reported ____ ____ ____ ____(引起了result) a great loss. 10.It won’t be long before everything in the flooded area_____ _____(将恢复正常return)normal.

Answers I

1—5 DABBA

6-10 CBDBD

11-15 ABBBD

II

1.have,been married

2.is

3.are taken

4.am,finishing

5.graduates

6.is closing

7.has been tried

8.are preparing

9. have been living

10.are persuaded

11. are always watching

12. have been waiting 13. reads

14. is changing

15. doesn’t feel

III

1. comes a bus

2. have been; is

3.have been living

4. am, looking around

5. is running out

6. is being used; don’t pollute

7. work out

8. has become

9.to have resulted in

10.returns to

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