Grammar优秀公开课教案

选修6 第一模块Period Two

Grammar

学习目标：学习和区别didn’t need to do

和needn’t have done的用法，提高语言运用能力。

学习方法指导：通过复习知识点，高考链接的训练对该语法进行巩固和熟练应用。

学习过程：

Ⅰ.1. 本模块提到了need表示“过去不必做某事”的表达方法。didn’t need to do 和needn’t have done 这两种结构都可以表示过去不必做某事, 但didn’t need to do表示“没必要, 实际上也没有做某事”;而needn’t have done则表示“本没有必要, 但实际上已经做了某事”。

比较: ①They didn’t need to do it themselves, so they went home in advance.

②They did not need to go to school, so they went camping together.

③I didn’t need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a. m. 上面三句话中, ①表明他们没必要自己做, 实际上他们也没有自己做;

②表明我们没有去上课;

③表明实际上“我”没有早起。

①As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.

②—Mr. Smith didn’t come last night, did he?

—No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.

③ You needn’t have said that when he asked.

以上三句话中, ①表明虽然没有必要正式着装, 但实际上打扮得都很正式;

②表明虽然没必要等史密斯先生, 但实际上等了一晚上;

③表明当他问的时候, 实际上说了。

2. “need”既可以作情态动词, 也可以作实义动词。

1)“need”作为情态动词的用法: ①need表示“需要”或“必须”, 通常用于否定句和疑问句。如: You needn’t do it again.

②needn’t后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。如:We needn’t be waiting in this place.

The hedges needn’t be trimmed this week.

本周树蓠不必要整修。

2)“need”作为实义动词时, 通常用法是:

①人＋need＋to do

We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England.

②物＋need＋doing

The flowers need watering.

③物＋need ＋to be done

His leather shoes needs to be mended.

④另外, “need”后还可以直接跟名词。It is a question that needs very careful consideration.

Ⅱ. 情态动词

+ have + done (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作__________推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用__________。

She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “___________________________”，就语气而言

could have done 所表的可能性更小些。

He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。

(3) should have done / ought to have done 表示“____________________”但实际未做。

I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't.

(4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“_____________”，但实际上又做了。

He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did.

(5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“_____________”。

She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on.

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(6) could have done 可表示客观上“____________________”。

表示遗憾

He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. (7) I needn't have gone to the office yesterday

(but I went there).

(8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生事提出批评或意见。

He might have given more help, even if he was very busy.

Ⅲ.高考例析

1. Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A. might

B. should

C. can

D. will 2. I was really anxious about you. You_________ home without a word.

A. mustn't leave

B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left

D. needn't leave 3. —

I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

— You________ her last week.

A．ought to tell

B．would have told

C．must tell

D．should have told

4. — Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

— Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then.

A. could

B. should

C. might

D. must 5.

He _______ have completed his work;

otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the

seaside. A. should

B. must

C. wouldn't

D. can't 6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.

— Well. He have gone far—his coat's still here.

A．shouldn't

B．mustn't

C．can't

D．wouldn't

7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

— Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!

A. may go through

B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through

D. must have gone through 8. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （05 北京春季）

A. must drop

B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 9. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

A. should have arrived

B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived

D. should be arriving 10. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05 山东卷）

A. could

B. would

C. must

D. need IV. 反思小结：______________________________________________________________ 11. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?— Something ______ to him.

A．must happen

B．should have happened

C．could have happened

D．must have happened 12.

I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident

happened. （05 天津卷）

A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

D. needn't 13. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （05 辽宁卷）

A．should put

B．could have put

C．might put

D．must have put

答案：ABDDBCDBAADBD

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