资料摘要

高三一轮复习---情态动词与虚拟语气一.语法概念巧掌握:(一)情态动词的用法 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用,必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ough

  • 资料类型:教学教案文档
  • 所属课文:Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions
  • 支持正文预览,并提供同课文课件入口
浏览次数
122
下载次数
0
更新时间
2018-08-25 19:27:00
来源学校
学校:东海县石榴高级中学

Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions优秀教学设计范文

未知
2018-08-25 19:27:00
122
0
PDF / 未知页
未知字
配套课件
积分:1
第 1 页,共 1 页

Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions优秀教学设计范文

未知

摘要:暂无摘要

关键词:Grammar and usage(2): Un…优秀教学设计范文

正文

高三一轮复习---情态动词与虚拟语气

一.语法概念巧掌握:

(一)

情态动词的用法

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用,必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用,在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下:

1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法

(1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you.

(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now.

(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或

may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或

---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.

(2)may或

might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now . 3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式

must not,缩写形式为

mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.

(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不

必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.

(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one. 4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法

(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法

①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实

际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.

第

1 页

共

7 页

(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到

了,如:Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.

5、have to 的基本用法

have to和must的意义相近,只是

must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have to 则表示客观需要

6、ought to的基本用法

(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:He must be home

by now .(断定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而

实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时,ought与

should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much. 7、dare的基本用法

(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night. 8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带

to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.

(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:

Shall I open the door? 10、should的基本用法

(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如:You should have give him more help.

11、will的基本用法

(1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,如:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 12、would的基本用法

(1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,如:He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气更加婉转,如:Would you like some more coffee?

(3)在日常生活中,学用“I would like

to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气婉转,如:I would like to do Ex.2 first. 第

2 页

共

7 页

(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week.

(5)表料想或猜想,如:It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it. 13、had better, would rather的用法

(1) had better意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式,例如:---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态,表未完成动作) 注:had better用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。

(2)would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式,例如:I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rather表选择,因

而后可接than,例如:I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.

(二)虚拟语气的用法

1、语气的种类:英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种:

(1.)

直陈语气(The Indicative Mood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态:

(2.)

祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等:

(3.)

疑问语气( the interrogative mood ) :用来提出问题Where are you from ? (4.)

虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在,它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的;或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然,有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。

I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。

If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一点钱,我就买一套更大一些房子。

2、虚拟语气的种类:

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多;条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

4、非真实条件句

(1.)

虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移

(2.)

虚拟语气表

时间

从句

主句

例句

与现在事实一般过去时Would / should / could 1. If they were here, they would help you. / might / ought to + 2. If we had enough money , we would buy a computer . 相反的假设

(

be 用

were)

动词原形

与过去事实过去完成时

Should / would / could 1. If he had come yesterday, I should have told him about it. 相反的假设

/ might + have+ 过去2.If I had been in her position I’d have quit .

5. I should never have done it if I hadn’t been so hard up . 分词

1. If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 与将来事实一般过去时

/ Should / would / 相反的假设

should+ do could / might + 动词2. If she were to lose her place they would be ruined . were to do

原形

第

3 页

共

7 页

5、混合条件句(也叫:错综时间条件句) 有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

1. If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。

2. If you’d listened to me , you wouldn’t be in such trouble now . 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会这样麻烦了

6、含蓄条件句:

含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有: (1.)介词及介词短语

but that, as though, once , but for, without , with , under , under…condition , supposing , suppose , as if , on condition that , in the past 等

But for his pension, he would starve .要不是有养老金,他都要饿死了

Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就

But for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago. 要是没有雾的话,我们很早就到目的地了

Under more favorable conditions we could have finished the task. 如果条件对我们更有利,我们就会把工作完成得更好

(2.)

连词otherwise, or, but He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. 他本来要多给你一些帮助,只是他太忙了

Seize the chance, otherwise you would regret it . 如果不抓住这个机会,你会后悔的

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you. 他昨天觉得很累,不然会帮你的

(3.)

通过分词短语表示条件

Given more time, we could have done it better. Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence . 使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果

7、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用

(1.)

虚拟语气用在would rather,would(just)as soon,would sooner,would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?(2.)

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should)

do

I suggest that we (should)

hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that he (should )

be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。

【点拨】如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

判断改错: (错)

You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (对)

Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 第

4 页

共

7 页

(错)

I insisted that you(should)be wrong. (对)

I insisted that you were wrong. (3.) wish的用法

1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:

主句

从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为

were) 现在时 过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时/现在时 过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时/现在时 would/could +动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you.

我希望和你一样高

He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话

I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it . 但愿那时他对这事不那么大惊小怪

2)在“it is wished that”句型以及作名词所引起的表语和同位语从句中也要求使用虚拟语气,用法同上。

3) wish to do;wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。

I wish the manager to be informed at once. 我希望经理能马上得到消息

8、

虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,

demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan,idea,resolution等。

We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

Our suggestion is that we should put on a play at the English evening . 我们建议在英语晚会上演一个剧

9、

在主语从句中的应用

It is / was + necessary + that + 主语

+ should + 加动词原形,should 可省略,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等

可用的词有:suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded , requested, insisted , important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential , advisable , mandatory , obligatory , vital , compulsory , crucial , fitting , better , best , appropriate , recommended …

10、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用

(1.) 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中

在由lest , for fear that , in order that , so that , in case of 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should / could / might + 动词原形构成,should也可省略。

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him . 我不会出声的,以免打扰他

He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold . 他把大衣盖在儿子身上以免他着凉

注意:如果

in order that 和

so that 前的主句是现在时,其后的从句有时也可用

can , may + 动词原形。

Ask him to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them . 让他带着信赶快来以便我签字

(2.)

虚拟语气在方式状语从句中

在as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示‘似乎,好象’的意思,其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。

Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。

He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself . 他谈起金字塔来,就好象亲眼见过似的

第

5 页

共

7 页

11、虚拟语气的倒装形式

在书面语中,如果条件从句含有

were, had, should,可将连词

if 省略,再将

were, had 或

should 移至句首,构成非真实条件句的倒装语序

Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。

Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 你来得早一点,就碰到他了。

Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。

12、其他句型

(1.)

虚拟语气用在It is +形容词+that的主语从句中

在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句中,需用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形。这类形容词有

advisable(合理的),appropriate(适当的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),incredible(惊人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),

probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的),

vital(极为重要的)。

It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。

It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。

(2.)

虚拟语气用在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中

在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向,谓语用

should +动词原形或省略should只用动词原形。这类过去分词有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,

required等。

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。

(3.)

虚拟语气用在It is(about /high)time +that定语从句中

在It is(about/high)time +that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should +动词原形

It's already 5 o'clock now,Don't you think it's about time we went home?已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?

【点拨】①在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态

Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?这是你第一次参观香港吗?

②It's time to do something有别于It's time that...

(4.)

比较if only与only if only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only引起的句子,一般过去时或would+动词原形表示现在或未来事实相反,过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,也可用于陈述语气

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。

If only I had listened to my parents. 要是我听取了父母的话该多好啊

(5.)

need “不必做”和“本不必做”

didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做;needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了

第

6 页

共

7 页

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。

(Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车

)

(6.)

不定式的完成时用在

intend , mean , plan , suppose 等动词后,表示原打算做而实际未能做而实际未能做成的事,因而含有虚拟的意思

(7.) need / needn’t + have done 结构也可以表示虚拟语气,作‘本来有/没有必要做某事(’8.) would have thought 本身也是虚拟语气,表示谁会想到,或原本会以为

Who would have thought she’d end up dancing for a living. 谁会想到她最后落得靠跳舞谋生

(9.) 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中,动词一般要使用原形或‘+动词原形’,同时要注意的是句子的主谓要倒装

Long live the People’s Republic of China !

May you have a merry Christmas ! God bless you !

[来源学&科&网]第

7 页

共

7 页

第 1 页,共 1 页

文档信息

  • 格式: PDF
  • 页数: 未知页
  • 字数: 未知
  • 上传时间: 2018-08-25 19:27:00
  • 下载次数: 0
  • 浏览次数: 122
  • 积分: 1
  • 收藏: 0

作者信息

教师头像

5ygggwenku_152940

来自:学校:东海县石榴高级中学

下载提示

下载文档后,您可以获得:

  • 完整无水印文档
  • 高清阅读体验
  • 随时保存查看
  • 支持打印下载

关于本教案的常见问题

Q:Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions优秀教学设计范文是什么类型的资料?

A:这是一份教学教案文档,可用于备课、课堂讲解与课后复习,支持在线预览正文内容。

Q:这份教案对应哪篇课文?

A:对应课文《Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions》,可从面包屑进入课文目录查看同课其他资料。

Q:如何找到配套课件?

A:页面提供「配套课件/同课文课件」入口;也可进入课文详情页同时查看教案与课件列表。