Grammar and usage(1): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)特级教师教学实录

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Grammar and usage

(for Unit One,Module Six) 非谓语动词作状语

高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行，主要包括以下几个方面的内容：

1．不定式作状语；

2．-ing分词作状语；

3．-ed分词作状语。

1．不定式作状语

①

不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因等。

例如：We eat to live, but we don't live to eat. (目的)

What has he said to make you so happy? (结果)

She burst into tears to hear the bad news. (原因)

注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。

例如：To get there in time, we got up very early.

= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.

= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.

②

不定式可用于作表语或补语的形容词之后作状语。

例如：I'm sorry to hear that.

Be careful not to catch cold .

The man is easy to get along with.

I don't think the man hard to get along with.

③

不定式常与too或enough连用，在句中作状语。

例如：The boy is too young to go to school/ to be sent to school.

= The boy is not old enough to go to school/ to be sent to school.

④

不定式有时用于so...as to do sth.结构中作状语。

例如：Will you be so kind as to help me with the work?

⑤

有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。常见的这类不定式有to tell you the

truth, to be honest, to be franc, to be fair, 等。

例如：To tell you the truth, I don't like the film.

2．-ing分词和-ed分词作状语

① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语，多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。如果在逻辑

上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.

Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.

② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。如果在逻辑

上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)

Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)

Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. (时间)

Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (时间)

3．-ing分词有时可作结果状语。

例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.

We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.

4．-ed分词有时用作条件状语，其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。

例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.

5．如果不定式或分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，该不定

式或分词用完成式。

例如：I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

Having never/Not having met the man before, I couldn't recognize him at first.

Having finished my homework, I went to play football. 【典型例题】

1．(NMET98, 单项填空)European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most

popular sport in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

正确答案：A 此题考查-ing分词作结果状语的用法，所以选A。

2．（NMET96，单项填空）_______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

正确答案：C 此题考查-ed分词短语作原因状语的用法

be lost in thought是一个短语，意为"陷入沉思"，所以选C。

3．（MET90，单项填空）Tom kept quiet about the accident _______ lose his job.

A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

正确答案：B 此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构，所以选B。

【知识过关】 1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.

A. arriving B. to arrive

C. having arrived D. and arrived 2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing 3. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received 4. She is upstairs _______ letters.

A. writes

B. is writing C. write

D. writing 5. The secretary worked late into the night, _______ a long speech for

the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing 正确答案：1. D

2. A

3. C

4. D

5. B