Lesson 3 Making Guesses about People教学实录

Period Six

Grammar & Writing

一、过去分词的用法

1．过去分词作定语

单个的过去分词作定语，放在被修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

The books，written by Lu Xun，are popular with many Chinese people. 由鲁迅写的很多书都深受很多中国人的欢迎。

注意

(1)过去分词修饰something，anything，everything，nothing，nobody，somebody，anybody及those等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。

Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么没有解决的问题吗？

(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动且完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示一个完成的动作。

the fallen leaves落叶

a developed country一个发达国家

[高考链接1] Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015·全国Ⅰ) 2．The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015·全国Ⅱ) Ⅱ.单句改错

1．I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (2012·陕西，短文改错) taking→taken 2．Third，we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water. (2012·全国Ⅱ，短文改错) using→used

2．过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后外，还可用于get，become等后，表示主语所处的状态。

I was surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game. 在比赛中看见小吉米跑得这么快，我非常惊讶。

[高考链接2] Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014·安徽) Ⅱ.单句改错

1．I am awfully tiring，but I know I’ll never fall asleep.

(2013·浙江，短文改错) tiring→tired 2．I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. (2011·陕西，短文改错) disappointing→disappointed 3．过去分词作宾语补足语

过去分词可用在下列词的后面作宾语补足语。

(1)表心理状态和感觉的动词，如feel，see，hear，watch等。

Almost no student is seen punished in this school. 在这所学校几乎看不到学生被惩罚。

(2)表“致使”意义的动词，如make，get，have，keep等。

He managed to make himself understood. 他让别人明白了他的意思。

(3)表“希望”“要求”等意义的动词，如want，wish，order，like等。

[高考链接3] Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home. (2015·陕西) Ⅱ.单句改错

The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. (2015·浙江，短文改错) felt→feel 4．过去分词作状语

(1)作时间状语

Once published，the dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。

(2)作原因状语

Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry. 由于被故事深深地感动了，孩子们哭了起来。

(3)作条件状语

Given more time，I could do it much better. 多给点时间，我会做得更好。

(4)作让步状语

Repaired many times，the car still broke down on the road. 虽然修了许多次，但这辆车还是常常在路上抛锚。

(5)作伴随状语

The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students. 教授坐在那边，许多学生围着他。

[高考链接4] 用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. (2015·重庆) 2．Having spent(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age. (2014·福建) 3．Founded(found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.

(2013·安徽) [即时跟踪1] 用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．I picked up a copybook in the school yard yesterday marked (mark)with name and class. 2．I heard the song sung(sing) several times last week. 3．When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined(examine)? 4．If heated(heat)，water can be turned into steam. 二、表示推测的情态动词

1．must用于肯定句中，意为“想必是……，准是……”，表示肯定的推测。

do对现在的推测must＋be doing对此刻的推测have done对过去的推测

The ground is rather wet，so it must have rained last night，didn’t it?

地上非常湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，不是吗？

[高考链接5] 单句语法填空

1．You must be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. (2015·重庆) 2．The children must have got (get)lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(2013·陕西) 2．may/might/could用于肯定句中，意为“有可能”，表示不太肯定的推测。

do对现在的推测may/might/could＋be doing对此刻的推测have done对过去的推测Jane might be sleeping this time of day. 现在这时候简可能正在睡觉。

[高考链接6] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．You may feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.(2015·陕西) 2．Life is unpredictable；even the poorest might become the richest.(2014·江西) Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.(2012·新课标全国，短文改错) must→could/might 2．Mom，though I may often say it，I do love you.(2012·四川，短文改错) may后加not 3．can表推测时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；但表示客观可能性时用于肯定句中，常译为“有时也会……，有可能”。

Where can Mary have gone？She can’t have gone to school.It is Sunday.

玛丽究竟到哪里去了？她不可能上学去了，今天是星期天。

In spring，it is usually warm here，but sometimes it can be cold. 春天，这里通常很暖和，但有时可能会很冷。

[高考链接7]

单句语法填空

1．My book，The

House

of

Hades，is missing.Who could have taken it？(2014·陕西) 2．No one could be more generous; he has a heart of gold.(2013·天津) 4．“情态动词＋have done”的用法。

(1)can have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。

He cannot have forgotten it. 他不可能忘记的。

Can he have gone to his aunt’s?

他可能去了姑姑家吗？

(2)could have done可用来表示推测，意为“可能已经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。

He wasn’t at home last night.He could have gone to movies.

他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。

The accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。

(3)should/ought to have done意为“过去该做某事而没有做”，表示说话者“后悔、遗憾或责备”的语气。

I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late. 我真后悔我浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但现在后悔已经晚了。

(4)shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done意为“过去本不该做某事却(已经)做了”，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。

I’m sorry for the words I shouldn’t have said to you at that moment.

我很抱歉我所说的话，我当时本不应该那样对你说的。

(5)needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事却已经做了”。

Look，you needn’t have bought those sweaters for me.I have just knitted one.

看，你本不必给我买那些毛衣，我刚织了一件。

[高考链接8] 用所给动词的正确形式填空

—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made(make) full preparations. (2015·福建) 5．陈述句中must，can(could)，may(might)等表推测时的反意疑问句。

陈述句部分中的情态动词表推测时，要根据陈述句部分的真实结构，在附加疑问句部分采用与其相符合的助动词形式。

You must be a writer，aren’t you?

你肯定是一个作家，对吧？(对现在情况的推测)

She must be sleeping now，isn’t she?

她现在一定在睡觉，对吗？(对此时此刻正在发生的事情的推测) He couldn’t have attended your birthday party last night，did he? 他昨天晚上不可能参加你的生日聚会，对吗？(含有明确的过去时间状语或没有明确的过去时间状语但谓语动词强调的是过去，视之为对过去情况的推测，附加疑问句部分应采用助动词did。) He must have studied English for many years，hasn’t he?

他学英语一定很多年了，是不是？(没有明确的过去时间状语且谓语动词强调完成，视之为对现在完成情况的推测，附加疑问句部分应采用助动词have/has。) [即时跟踪2] Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式或合适的情态动词填空

1．—I hear Tom has passed the exam. —You must be joking(joke)！He didn’t even spend a single hour preparing for it.

2．Mr.White should have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn’t show up.

3．As you worked late yesterday，you needn’t have come (come) this morning. 4．He could have walked to the station.It is so near. 5．—Mike，I can’t find my watch anywhere.

—You may have lost it while working out. 6．—What can it be? —It can’t be a man，for it is not moving.It must be a dustbin，I think. Ⅱ.完成下列句子的反意疑问句

1．He must have a big family，doesn’t he?

2．He must be waiting outside，isn’t he?

3．There must be some students in the room，aren’t there?

4．You must have watched that football match last night，didn’t you？

文体指导

在描写人时，通常会描写其外貌特征(如：年龄、身材、体形、头发、脸型、肤色、眼睛、衣着、表情)、情趣、爱好、个性等，但不必面面俱到，一般要抓住某人比较明显的特征来描述，在描写人的外貌时，用一般现在时。

描述身材常用的形容：tall，small，short，of medium height等。

描述体型(shape)：fat，thin，slim，big，small，of medium build，strong等。

描述相貌(appearance)：beautiful，pretty，good-looking，charming，sweet，handsome，funny，ugly，peculiar，rough，ill-looking等。

描述体格(build)：fat，thin，slim，overweight，slight，well-built等。

描述身高(height)：average height，below average，tall，short，middle-sized，of medium height,1.78 meters等。

我们常说人有喜怒哀乐。丰富的情感是人类的一个重要特征。在写作中，对人物情感的描写常常能使人物的形象显得生动鲜活。人的情感可以分很多种，如喜悦、满意、失望、悲伤、憎恨、愤怒、惊讶、恐惧、赞赏等。对情感的描述也能烘托出人物形象。

常用句式

1．My name is Li Ke.I have an English name called Vicent. 2．The meaning of my Chinese name is “my further will be bright like a jade”．

3．I am twenty-one years old.I am a boy. 4．I am/come from the city of Bao Ji. 5．I am not quite tall. 6．I have a round face with dark eyes. 7．My hair is dark and straight. 8．I am a little bit thin.I am not as fat as my brother. 9．My hobby is playing basketball. 10．My favorite activity is to go roller skating. 11．I usually play computer games with my roommates. 12．I can surf on the Internet all day. 13．I am good at playing Chinese chess. 14．I am interested in English writing and reading. 15．I am a friendly person. 16．I am trying to be a cool man. 17．My father always says that I am cute but I am lazy. 18．I personally do not like to go out very often.

写作任务

(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。

1．家庭；

2．工作；

3．业余生活。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.

审题谋篇

第一步

明确要求

本文的话题是“十年后的我”，要求考生从家庭、工作和业余生活来想象十年以后的自己。文章应该使用将来时和第一人称。

第二步

确定段落

Para.1

开启文章：总结将来生活会大有不同

Para.2

细节描述：描述生活会是什么样子

第三步

提炼要点

imagine what my life will be like想象我的生活将会是什么样子

in the future在将来

be very different大不相同

twenty-eight years old二十八岁

have my own family有自己的家庭

a lovely child活泼可爱的孩子

work in a computer company在电脑公司工作

program designer程序设计师

enjoy my work喜欢我的工作

get along well with my colleagues和同事们友好相处

do a good job in whatever I do无论什么领域都有所建树

in my free time在我的空余时间

continue to take regular exercise继续进行常规锻炼

travel around the world周游世界

in a word总而言之

be much richer and more colorful更丰富更多彩

第四步

扩点成句

1．我希望自己将来在一个电脑公司工作，当一名程序设计师。

(一般表达)I hope I will work in a computer company and I will be a program designer. (句式升级)I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. 2．不管做什么，我都会做到很好。

(一般表达)I will do a good job. (句式升级1)I will do a good job no matter what I choose to do. (句式升级2)I will do well in whatever I do. (句式升级3)I will try my best to do well in whatever I do. 3．我的生活会更加丰富，多姿多彩。

(一般表达)My life will be rich and colorful. (句式升级)My life will be richer and more colorful. 范文赏析

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years. ①I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family，probably with a lovely child.I hope I’ll work in a computer company as a program designer.I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.I’ll do a good job in whatever I do.In my free time②，I’ll continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games.On my holidays，I’ll travel around the world.In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful. 亮点点评

在该范文中，考生充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，主次分明，详略得当。语言准确、简洁。能根据时间的发展①，按顺序安排好材料。注意选用合适的关联词或过渡词②，使文章具有一定的连贯性、层次清晰。