Grammar and usage(1): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(II)优秀公开课教案

M6 U2 Grammar and Usage

Non-finite verbs used as adverbials （I）

Teaching goals:

1. To learn non-finite verbs used as adverbials.

2. To use non-finite verbs as adverbials freely.

Teaching important & difficult points: How to use non-finite verbs as adverbials correctly.

Teaching methods: Induction, task-based approaches, explanation

Teaching aids: Multi-media, blackboard

Teaching procedures: Step I Knowledge review（知识回顾）

听录音，用非谓语动词填空：

To Be a Giant ( 巨人）

Giants are not those ____________ on one's shoulders, but the ones _________ by themselves. As we go down life’s lonesome highway, to persist(坚持) seems the hardest thing __________. Believing in who you are, you are a ___________ star. __________ great efforts turns the ordinary into the extraordinary. ____________ countless difficulties leads you to success. Giants rise above fear. Triumph(战胜) over pain. To be a giant, push themselves and inspire others _________ a giant, _________ giant things. ___________ giant steps. ____________ the world forward.

Step II Knowledge learning（知识学习）

不定式作状语

观察：1. We work hard to realize our dream. 2. To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. 结论1: 不定式可以作_______状语。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于________时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于_________，通常不用逗号。

练习：

1.______ time, artists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.

A. To save

B. Saved

C. Saving

D. Having saved 2.我们吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。We eat ________, but we don't live __________. 注：表目的的不定式还常与so as to或__________互换。

例如：

To get there in time, we got up very early.

=In order to get there in time, ….

= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.

观察：

She burst into tears to hear the bad news.

I’m glad to see you. 结论2:不定式可以作______状语。从结构上讲，不定式作原因状语通常放于________。

练习：

I’m sorry _____ your bad luck. A. hearing B. having heard

C. being heard

D. to hear 观察：

He woke up to find everyone gone.

He lifted a stone only to drop it on his foot. 结论3:不定式可以作______状语，表出乎意料的结果。不定式作结果状语通常放于_____。

练习：1. I went to the bank, only _______ it was closed.

A. finding

B. to find

C. found

D. find 2.她回到家，发现家里竟然没有一个人。She returned only ______that no one was at home.

现在分词作状语

观察：Hearing the noise, I turned around. =When hearing the noise, I turned around.

=When I heard the noise, I turned around. 结论1:现在分词可以作______状语。从结构上讲，现在分词作时间状语通常放于_____。可以将相应的分词短语变成时间状语从句。

练习：

1.当我横过马路时，看见了那个金戒指。

__________________, I saw the gold ring. =When _____________________, I saw the gold ring. =When I _______________________, I saw the gold ring. 2.______the big snake, the little girl was frightened. A. Seeing B. Being seen C. Seen D. To see 3. Mr. Smith lost everything while ______ in that hotel.

A. lived

B. living

C. he lives

D. he living

观察：Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.

=Since I don’t know his address, I can’t write to him.

Being cool, he is popular among girls.

=As he is cool, he is popular among girls. 结论2:现在分词可以作______状语。从结构上讲，现在分词作原因状语通常放于_____。可以将相应的分词短语变成原因状语从句。

练习：

1.看见没有人在家，他决定给他们留一个字条。___________________, he decided to leave them a note. 2.由于不知道答案，他只好向我求助。_______________________, he had to ask me for help.

观察：Working hard, you will surely succeed.

=If you work hard, you will surely succeed. Reading carefully, you’ll learn something new.

=_________________________________________ 结论3:现在分词可以作______状语。从结构上讲，现在分词作条件状语通常放于_____。可以将相应的分词短语变成条件状语从句。

观察：They stood by the road, talking about the plan. = They stood by the road and talked about the plan. He came running back to tell me the news. 结论4:现在分词可以作____________状语。可以将相应的伴随分词短语变成并列谓语。

练习：

1. 那个老人坐在哪儿，读报纸。The old man sat there, ____________________.

2. All night long he lay awake, _______ how to drive the Americans back home.

A. to think B. thinking

C. thought D. being thought

观察：A lot of good land has gone with winds, leaving only sand.

The child fell, hitting his head against the door. 结论5:现在分词可以作_______状语，常表自然的结果。现在分词作结果状语通常放于_____。

对比：现在分词or不定式作结果状语? 1. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left. A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told 2. When he got to the station, only_____ the train had left.

A. to find

B. to be found

C. finding

D. found 3. The old man died, ______ his son some money.

A. to leave

B. to be left

C. leaving

D. left 4. It rained heavily, _____ serious damage.

A. caused

B. having caused

C. causing

D. to cause

观察：Working so hard, he failed again. =Though working hard, he failed again. 结论6现在分词可以作_______状语。从结构上讲，通常放于_____。

练习：

虽然称起来将近一百斤，那块石头还是被他一个人挪动了。

Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was still moved by him alone. =Though ____________ almost one hundred jin, the stone was still moved by him alone. = Though it ____________ almost one hundred jin, the stone was still moved by him alone.

过去分词作状语

观察：Seen from the moon, the earth looks green.

Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.

Given a few minutes, I’ll finish it.

The cup fell down to the ground, broken.

The teacher went into the classroom, followed by two students.

Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool.

结论:过去分词与现在分词一样可以作: _________________________________________状语，与逻辑主语是_______ 关系，而现在分词的主动形式与逻辑主语是_______关系。

练习：

1. ______ their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.

A. To hear

B. Hear

C. Heard

D. Hearing 2.______ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. A. To look at

B. Looked at

C. Looking at

D. To be looked at 3. When _______, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed 总结：不定式可作________状语（句首或句末）、________状语和出乎意料的_______状语

(句末)；

现在分词与过去分词可作______________状语（句首）和___________________状语（句末）。

Step III Intellectual inquiry（知识探究）

探究1：谓语动词or非谓语动词？

________ (Work) hard and you’ll succeed. _________ (Work) hard, you’ll succeed.

If weather_________ (permit), I’ll go outing.

Weather_________ (permit), I’ll go outing.

总结1:首先保证句子有一个谓语。没有谓语时，填谓语动词形式，句中有谓语时，填非谓语动词形式。

探究2：不定式、现在分词or过去分词作状语？

_______ (see) on top of the hill, you can see the whole city. _______ (see) the whole city, you must stand on top of the hill. ______ (see) on top of the hill, the city looks beautiful 总结2：根据非谓语动词所充当的成分，决定填不定式还是分词（根据逻辑主语决定用现在分词还是过去分词）。

练习：

1.______ ill, he can’t go to school.

A. To be

B. Being

C. Be

D. To have been 2. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make 3._____ here in time, he came _____ all the way.

A. Getting; running

B. To be getting; to run

C. To get; running

D. To get; to run

Step IV Assignment I. Review what you learned today. II. Finish the following exercises. Choose the best answer. 1. Though ____ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view， the question will be of great importance.

A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. ____ and ____， they ran out of the room.

A. Being excited; happily B. Exciting; happy C. Exciting; happily D. Excited; happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth， the dead forests rotted away and became coal.

A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried

5. If ____ green， the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada，lived and practiced law in America.

A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction，____ completely to the outside world.

A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything ____，it wasn’t a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. ____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first ____ to the market， these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. ____， the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. We are certain that everything will go well as ____. A. to be planned B. planned C. being planned D. having been planned 13. ——

What’s wrong?

—— I want to know why you didn’t do as ____.

A. to be told B. telling C. told D. told to 14. When ____， the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 15.______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. To give B .Having given C. Given D .Giving 16.______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left.

A. Arriving at; to find B. Coming to; discovering that

C. On arriving at; finding out D. Hurrying to; to have found out 17.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

A. Holding; being held B. Held; holding C .Having held; held D. Held; to be held 18. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five children.

A. left; to leave B. leaving; leaving C. leaving; left D. left; leaving 19______ maps properly, you need a special pen.

A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing 20. Greatly moved by her words, ______.

A. tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears

C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears. 21. When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.

A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked 22.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing

B. Knowing not

C. Not having known D. Having not know 23. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .

A. accepting fully B. being fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted 24. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There was

B. There being

C. Because there being

D. There were 25. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.

A. Time permits

B. If time permitting

C. Time permitting

D. Time's permitting