Grammar教学实录

B6 M3 Grammar(1) Adverbial clauses---having done Step 1:Key points:

非谓语动词的分词形式（现在分词和过去分词）作状语用什么形式要看

1) 非谓语动词与主语之间的主动或被动关系

2)非谓语动词与谓语动词发生的时间先后。

1)

判断主被动：主动

doing 被动

done

2) 判断动作先后:主动并且和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生

doing（一般式）

主动并且先于谓语动词发生 having done（完成式）

被动并且先于谓语动词发生

having been done （完成式）可以换成done Step 2 examples 

Having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. = _________I ________all my friends, I …



Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it. = _________ I ________something in the cloakroom, I …



That weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft. =That weekend, _____ I __________about the situation… Which happens first? Having done or the main verb? Step3 Explanation and analysis 1）

非谓语动词现在分词的完成式（having done）表示一个已完成的动作,且该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前

Compare: Doing my homework, I watched TV. = While I was doing my homework, I watched TV.

主动且同时发生

Having done my homework, I watched TV. = After I had done my homework, I watched TV.

主动但先于谓语动词发生

2）having done 结构在句子中作状语，如时间、原因或让步状语

Having made full preparations, now we are ready for the final examination. =After/ As we have made full preparations, now we are ready for the final examination. Having been ill for over three months, he was left behind by many classmates. =Since he had been ill for over three months, he was left behind by many classmates. 3)

被动：having been done (Having fined;Having been fined )for speeding several times, he now drives with caution. = As he has been fined for speeding several times, he now drives... He planned to move to Shanghai for he __________________（offer） a new job there.

= Having been offered a new job there, he planned to …

注意：

① having been done结构可与_______替换

Having been seriously polluted, the river smells terrible. = Seriously polluted, the river smells terrible. The wallet _____ last week was finally found in my office. A. lost B. losing C. having been lost D. having lost ②having (been) done结构只能作状语，不能作定语、表语或补语

The river ________(pollute)by the chemicals smells bad. I found the clothes washed. I found the clothes having been washed. 4）否定式： not + having done not+ having been done Not having won a gold medal, she retired with regret. = Because she hadn’t won a gold medal, she...

Compare: never, seldom Not having won a gold medal, she retired with regret. Having never won a gold medal, she …

1._____________for a bus at the bus stop, he had a long talk with her. (wait) 2. _____________________ many times, he finally could understand it. (tell) 3. _______________________ in the traffic jam, he couldn’t move. (stick)

4. __________________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (wait) Step 4 Conclusion: 非谓语动词的分词形式（现在分词和过去分词）作状语用什么形式1)要看非谓语动词与主语之间的主动或被动关系和2)非谓语动词与谓语动词发生的时间先后。 1) 判断主被动：主动 doing (一般式） 被动 done 2) 判断动作先后:主动并且和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生 doing 主动并且先于谓语动词发生 having done（完成式）

被动并且先于谓语动词发生 having been done （完成式）可以换成done Step 5 Practice 1.Having found her car stolen, ________. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help D.When she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. 2. _______ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received C. He hadn’t received a reply so he decided to write again 3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added C The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks and added that he had enjoyed his stay here. 4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said, _______ to the notice.

A.

angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing A “Can’t you read?” Mary said, as she angrily pointed to the notice.

5. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. Made D. to make A European football is played in 80 countries, and this makes it the most popular sport in the world. Translate: 1.

学习英语9年之后，一些中国学生仍然不能流利地说英文。

Having learned English for 9 years, some Chinese students still can’t speak fluently English. 2.

被Alpha Go打败后，李世石表示他对人类的智能仍有信心。 Defeated by/ Having been defeated by Alpha Go, Li Shishi said he still had confidence in human intelligence. 3.

上课的时候，我们需要思考和记笔记。 (While )having a lesson, we need to think and take notes. 1.

上完课后，我们还需要完成布置的任务(assignment)。

Having had a lesson, we need to finish the assignments.