Grammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions教学内容分析

虚拟语气

Subjunctive Mood 学习目标：掌握虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用

重难点：

1.

条件从句中的虚拟语气的谓语动词的使用

2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装

3.

错综时间（混合时间）虚拟条件句

4. 含蓄虚拟条件句

5. 固定句型及其在从句中的运用

学习方法：

归纳法：

定义：

虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实，或是不可能发生的事情，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。

Reading the following sentences: 1.

In the past, if you wanted something, you saved up for it. 2.

Nowadays, if people want something, they just buy it. 3.

If they don’t have any money, they use credit cards. 4.

But if times are really tough, they just don’t spend. A.真实条件句用______语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。

条件从句

主句

B.虚拟（非真实）条件句，表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的，采用虚拟语气。

（一）条件句中的虚拟语气

☆1) If it were May 1st today, I would stay at home.

☆2) If I got much money now, I would donate some to people suffering the earthquake.

☆3) If I lived on the moon at the present, I might see the beauty ---Chang’e.

总结形式：

时

态

与现在事实相反

If 条件从句

主句

练一练：

4. If I ____ (be) free now, I ______ (travel) around the world.

5. If I ______ (have) a lot of money, I ______ (buy) a villa.

6. If it ______ (be) fine now, I ______ (go) shopping.

7. Conversation:

---What would/ could/ might/ should you do if you got a …?

---If I got a …, I would /could/might/should …

☆1)If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. ☆2)If you had gone to the concert last week, you would have met her. ☆3)If they had studied hard, they would have done it easily that day.

总结形式：

时

态

与过去事实相反

If 条件从句

1

主句

练一练：

4. If I _______ (have) time last night, I ________ (go) to see the film. 5. If he ________ (drive) more carefully, he ________ (not have) an accident yesterday. 6. If I _________ (go) to Tom’s birthday party, I ________ (meet) her there.

☆1)If I got time next week, I would help you.

☆2)If my uncle should come to my house tomorrow , I might get some pocket money.

☆3)If I were to finish my homework early this evening, I would take a walk with you.

总结形式：

时

态

与将来事实相反

If 条件从句

主句

练一练：

4. If you _____ (get) a full mark next time, I _______ (treat) you to a wonderful performance. 5. If I ______ (have) time next time, I _______ (go) to watch this performance. 6. If it _______ (snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.

Exercise 1: 1. I don’t have a cell phone. If I ______(have)

one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

2. If the earthquake had happened in the daytime, there ___________(be)many more deaths.

3. If we were to be 200 years old, we ___________(change) everything.

4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___________(drive) in turn, you ___________(not get)so tired.

5. If I _________(live) in the 22nd century, I _________(spend)my vacation in a very different way.

Exercise 2: 1.

If I had had enough money, I would buy a new car. 2.

He would have come to the party if he wasn’t busy. 3.

If it should rain tomorrow, we might have put off the visit to the Taizhou Bridge. 4.

If it hadn’t rained last Sunday, we could go picnicking.

（二）条件从句中虚拟语气的倒装

如果条件状语中有____________时，

可以省略if 。

条件句倒装成：Were /Should/ Had +主+其它

1.

If I were you, I would buy the beautiful house. ____________, I would buy the beautiful house. 2.

If he had taken my advice, he wouldn’t have eaten so much watermelon. ______________________, he wouldn’t have eaten so much watermelon. 3.

If I should have time tomorrow, I would go to the gym with you. __________________________, I would go to the gym with you.

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练一练：

4.

If I were you, I would try it again.

→

___________, I would try it again. 5.

If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. _____________there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 6.

If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. ______________tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.

注意：在省略句型中，

只有had done 的had 才能提前，实义动词had不能。

7. If I had time now, I would go to the library.

→Had I time now, I would go to the library. (

)

(三) 错综时间(混合时间)虚拟条件句

假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

☆1)If you had gone to bed earlier yesterday, you would be energetic now. ☆2)If you had turned right just now, you wouldn’t be in trouble now. ☆3) If it hadn’t rain in the morning , I would be in the town now.

练一练：

1．If they ___________ (study) hard before, they could _________ (do) it easily now.

2．

If he _____________ (take) my advice at that time, he wouldn't ________it much better

like this now. 3．If you ________（

follow）

the doctor’s advice, then you ____________(be) all right now. 4．If I __________ (finish)my composition by now, I ______________ (work) on it tomorrow. 5．If she _________ (prepare) well for her lessons yesterday, she___________( have )so many difficulties now.

（四）含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其它手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。

1)由介词短语with, without 和but for 构成虚拟。

①

With more money, I could help more people in need. = If I ___________, I could help more people in need. ②

Without sunlight , people’s life would be different.

=If _______________, people’s life would be different.

③

But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.

= If _____________your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.

2) otherwise / or, but / however 引导的虚拟

①I’m too busy now , otherwise/ or (= If I ______________) ,I would help you do the work.

②I would have bought the book yesterday, however ,/ but I had no money. = I would have bought the book yesterday, ______________________.

总结：

1) 真实情况+____________+虚拟语气句

2) 虚拟语气句+_____________+真实情况

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练一练：

1) Without his help (=__________________________), we __________________ (make) such great progress. 2) But for sunlight (=____________________________), there__________ (be) no moonlight. 3) I ran all the way, or I _________________ (late) for school.

4) I forgot your telephone number, otherwise, I _________________ (ring) you up long before. 5) With more money, I ________ (help) more people in need. 6) I_____________________ (give) you more help, but I was too busy.

（五）

句型

(要不是...; 如果不是; 如果没有...)

If it were not for ...

(=Were it not for ...)

表示同现在事实相反的假设。

If it hadn't been for… (=Had it not been for...)

表示与过去事实相反的假设.

1) _________________________________the determined captain, all the passengers on board_______________________. ( 要不是船长意志坚定，船上所有的乘客就不会获救)。

2) ________________________his rich parents, he _________________________so easy a life.

(要不是他富有的父母亲，

他不可能过着如此轻松的生活)。

Exercise:

1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________ (be) all right. 2._____________________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

（如果船长更细心的话）(用倒装形式表示) 3. If he __________(call ) me tomorrow, I would let him know. 4. If you asked your father, you ________(get) permission. 5. ___________________(leave )today, he would get there by Friday. 6. _____ (be)I you, I would go with him to the party. 7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ (be) our chairman now. 8. If the horse won today, it ______________(win) thirty races in five years. 9. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______________a sudden loud noise. (如果这里有很大噪音) 10. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ______________.

（如果他的轮胎没有坏）

11. If I had seen the movie, I __________(tell) you all about it now. 12. _______she _______( not leave)yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. 13. But for your carelessness, we ___________(succeed). 14. He must have had an accident or he ___________(be) here then. 15. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we _____________（telephone）him. 16. Without electricity human life ________(be)quite different today. 17. I ____________(not

go)through that bitter period without your generous help.

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虚拟语气（2）

一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：

1) 表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气

一坚持：_________________________ 二命令：_________________________ 四建议：_________________________ 六要求：_________________________

A) 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形

1. We suggested that Tom ___________ (have) a rest. 2. He insisted that I ___________ (be) present. 3. The king ordered that the prisoners _____________ (kill) the next day. 4. They requested that a hospital _______________ (build) there at once.

注意：insist/suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气。

insist __________________________;_______________________.

suggest_________________________;_______________________.

5. The teacher suggested that we ____________more after class.

(我们课后多练习)。

6. The look on her face suggested that she ____________ happy. 7. He insisted that all of us _____________there on time by any means.

( 我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿) 8. He insisted that he _______________the wallet. (没有偷钱包)。

9. The boy insisted he _______________ (not steal) things in the shop and that he ________ (set) free.

B)以上动词相应的同根词的名词或形容词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即(should)+V

( n.) order, advice, suggestion, proposal , demand , request, desire, etc.

10. It’s suggested that the plan _____________ (carry out). ____________ 11. The people suggested that the plan _________ (carry out).____________ 12. The people’s suggestion was that the plan _______ (carry out).___________ 13. We were for the suggestion that the plan ________ (carry out) ____________ 14. My demand is that she __________ (come) to see me once a week. 15. We are for the advice that the factory __________ (close) down.

2) It is natural / necessary/ strange/ important / surprising / a pity / a shame / an honor / no wonder + that从句________表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

16. It’s strange that he __________ (miss) the train. (

) 17. It is important that we ________ (learn) from others. (

)

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18. It is a pity that he ____________ (not go) with us. (

) 19. It is no wonder he ______________(late) for class.

3) It’s

(about/high) time (that) …该是…的时候了

谓语动词要用___________或用_______________________________.

20.It’s time we_______________( have) breakfast. 21.It is about time that the children ______________(go) to bed. 22.It's high time that we ____________(do) something to improve our environment.

4）wish 后面的宾语从句

表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语

+ did / were 表示与过去事实相反的愿望：主语

+ had + done 表示与将来事实相反的愿望：主语

+ would (could) + do

23. I wish I ____ (be) a bird and ________ (fly) freely. 24. I wish I _______________(meet) that film star yesterday 25. I wish it _______________ (rain) tomorrow.

5) Would rather (that)

现在/将来：_________________

过去：______________________.

26. I would rather you _______(pay) me now.

27. I would rather you _______(go) there yesterday , too.

28. Don’t come. I would rather you _______(come) tomorrow.

二．虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用

1.用于as if /as though引导的状语从句中

(1) 表与现在事实相反用did 或were

(2) 表与过去事实相反用

had done (3) 表与将来事实相反用

could/would/might do

1) The man speaks as if he ______(be) a foreigner. 2) They talked as if they _________ (be) good friends for years. 3) Even if he ______ (be) here , he could not solve the problem.

注: as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气. 如果情况真实, 就要用陈述语气来描绘.

It looks as if it ______________ (rain).

天看起来象要下雨. （下雨的可能性很大）

2. 用在lest(免得，以免) , for fear that（唯恐, 生怕）

及in case（以防）

引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词多用(should) +do

1) She is now studying for fear that she___________________(fail )in English．

她现在很勤

奋，生怕英语不及格。

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2) You must wake him early lest he ___________________(late ) for school．

你务必早点叫

醒他，以免他上学迟到。

3) Keep quiet in case you____________________(interrupt )him when he is busy．

当他忙的时候，要保持安静，

以防打扰他。

三. 虚拟语气在感叹句中的运用

If only引导感叹句，表示“要是…就好了”

表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语

+ did / were 表示与过去事实相反的愿望：主语

+ had + done 表示与将来事实相反的愿望：主语

+ would (could) + do

If only __________________________________________.我要是一只小鸟就好了。

If only __________________________________________.要是我采纳了他的建议就好了。

If only ___________________________________________.明天要是雨停了就好了。

四.虚拟语气在简单句中的运用。

表示祝愿, 命令

May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

强化训练

1. The teacher demanded that the exam __________ (finish) before eleven.

2. She made the demand that the journalists _______(leave) at once ______ Iraq.

3. He is talking so much about America as if he ___________ there.

4. The young man insisted that he __________(do) nothing wrong and __________(set) free.

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

7. The order came that the medical supplies _________(send)to Beijing for the Sars soon.

8. It is important that we ___________(protect) wild animals.

9. Had you listened to the doctor,

you __________(be) all right now.

10. _______________(there be) any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

11. ___________________(leave) today, he would get there by Friday.

12. Should it rain, the crops _________________(save) .

13. You _____________ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

14. He treated me as though/as if ___________(be) his own son.

15. I ______________(lend)you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

16. A few minutes earlier and we __________(catch) the rain.

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _________(fail).

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _________ something.” (decide)

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20. What should we do if it _____________ tomorrow? (snow) 21. If only I ____________(lose) my watch!

22. You ________________(make) such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

23. We _________________ (finish) the work on time without your help.

24. --- “Where have you been?”

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _________________ sooner.”(我就在这儿了)。

25. If it were not for the fact that you _______(be)ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

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