Grammar课程导入

Grammar-虚拟语气

1. How I wish I _______ (have) a happy childhood.

2. I wish I _________ (stay) with you yesterday.

3. I wish I ___________ (make) such a foolish mistake.

4. I wish my life ________ (be) happier than any other.

5. I wish our teachers ______(be) very gentle to us.

6. I wish my future _______(be) better and better.

7. I wish I ______________(admit) to a key university.

以wish的用法引入虚拟。

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法

情况

与现在事实相反

从句谓语动词

一般过去时(be用were) 主句谓语动词

would/should/could/might＋动词原形

would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词

would/should/could/might＋动词原形

与过去事实相反

过去完成时

一般过去时(be用were) 与将来事实相反

should＋动词原形

were to＋动词原形

If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反) If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的礼服。(与现在事实相反) If you had got upearlier, you would have caughtthe train. 如果你早点起床，

你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反) If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the

sports meeting. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反) [即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If I had enough money now, I would_buy (buy) a car. ②If we had_driven (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired. ③If it were_to_snow (snow) tomorrow, we would take photos. 二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式

1．省略if的虚拟语气

虚拟条件句中若含有were, had或should，可以把if省略，把were, had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。

Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall. 要是明天是星期日，

我们就能去长城了。

Had I taken my father's suggestion, I would have done it better. 如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。

Should it rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off. 如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。

[名师点津] 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。

[即时演练2] 句型转换

①If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.

→Had you gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it. ②If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. →Had I known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 2．错综时间条件句

在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。

If you had preparedin advance, you wouldn't be

in such an awkward position now. 如果你事先做好准备，

现在就不至于那么被动。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在) If I were you, I would have gone to his birthday party yesterday. 如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去) [即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you had_listened (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. ②If I were (be) you, I would have planted some trees round the house.

③If you had_stuck (stick) your own dream before, your life would_be (be) different today. 3．含蓄虚拟条件句

有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。

(1)用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件。

But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨，

我们会有一次愉快的旅行。

(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。

There was a traffic jam on the way, otherwise

I would have arrived an hour ago. 路上堵车，

要不然我一小时前就到了。

(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。

I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. 我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。

[即时演练4] (1)选词填空：otherwise, or ①I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meeting. ②He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. (2)一句多译

如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。

①Iftherewerenowar in the world, people would live a happier life. ②Weretherenowar in the world, people would live a happier life. ③Withoutwar in the world, people would live a happier life. 1.

(10安徽32) Jack described his father, who _______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man. A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 2. (10湖南23) You ____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn’t

C. have to D. don’t have to

3. (10江西23) I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will 4. (10山东25) I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A. shouldn’t B. needn’t

C. couldn’t D. mustn’t