Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions教学设计及教案分析

虚拟语气（一）

概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class. What fun! He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）

Don’t be late！

3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

一、虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中

Practice：

1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。

2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。

3.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。

4.You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.

A.drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get

C.were driving; wouldn’t get

D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

5.________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. A.Were B. Should B.Would D. Will 注意：

1.错综时间虚拟语气

当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

填空：

1.If you ____________(follow)my advice just now, you _________(be)better now. 2.If you __________(study)hard before, you _______(be)a college student now. 单选：

3.If you ______ with George earlier, you _____ so angry now. A.talked; would not be B. had talked; would not be C.would talk; would not be D. had talked; would not have been 4.If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _____ so seriously now. A.is not polluted B.would not be polluted. C.had not been polluted D. D. would not have been polluted 2. if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。

1.Had I not seen him then, I wouldn't have been very happy. 2.If I were you, I would accept his advice. 3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 4.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. 3、含蓄虚拟语气

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。

常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。

1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadn‘t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the spo rts meeting. 2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 3.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. 4.What would you do with a million dollars? 5.Without / But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, …

Practice: 1.Without electricity, human being life ______ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 2.But for his help, I ______. A.should not have succeeded B.have not succeeded C.did not succeed D.had not succeeded 3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored 4.—Why didn’t you buy it?

—I ______ but I didn’t have the money.

A. would

B. would have C. had had D. had bought 2 二、虚拟语气的其他用法

1.as if / as though（好像）+从句

与现在相反did/were 与过去相反had done 与将来相反would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist. He talked about the accident as if he had seen it. 2. I’m getting tired; it’s time we _____ home.

A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going 3.wish/if only(要是……就好了）+从句

与现在事实相反did/were 与过去事实相反had done（或用could have done）

与将来事实相反could/would/might + do 填空：

1.I wish (that)he________________(visit) us tomorrow. 2.I wish (that) he_________(visit)us today. 3.I wish he____________________________(visit) us yesterday. 4.If only you _____________ （listen)to our advice! 5.If only I _____ (be)a bird!

4.在would rather+宾语从句中

与现在或将来事实相反did/were 与过去事实相反had done 即：would rather sb did/ had done I would rather you ______(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you __________ (not tell)me the truth. 5.用于表示

建议（advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend）

命令(order/ command) 要求(demand/require/ request/ desire) 坚持要求(insist) 等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb （should）+ do e.g. 1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句) 2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news. 3.I made a suggestion that he------(同位语从句) 4.It is suggested that he------(主语从句) 5.My suggestion was that he-----(表语从句) 区别：This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定语从句) 单选：The officer gave the order that nothing ____ until the people arrived. A. didn’t touch

B. touched C. be touched D. touch 3 注意：

1.Her pale face suggested that she _____（be)ill and that she ________________(send) to hospital immediately.

2.He insisted that he ____________(not steal) the money and insisted that he _____________(set) free. 课后练习：

1. But for the help of John, he _____ last night. A. should have drowned B. would have drowned C. was drowned D. may have drowned 2. If it _____ fine tomorrow, we would go for a swim in the sea. A. would be B. should be C. is D. was to 3. He suffered a sudden heart attack and her wife found him dead when she got home from work. But _____. A. if his wife came back earlier, he might be saved B. if his wife had come back earlier, he might be saved C. if his wife came back earlier, he might have been saved D. if his wife had come back earlier, he might have been saved 4. I would rather she _____ tomorrow than by plane. A. travel on train B. traveled by train C. travels by train D. travelling by the train 5. How old would you _____ if you _____ in 1900? A. be; had been born B. be; would be born

C. have been; would be born D. have been; were 6. _____ the sun, nothing on earth could live. A. Were it not to B. If it were not to C. If it had not been for D. If it were not for 7. If he _____, give him the message. A. were coming B. would come C. should come D. were come 8. Were I to move to a foreign country, I _____ away all my furniture in my house here. A. would give B. shall give C. gave D. will give 9. I would go to the concert but I _____ no time. A. had B. had had C. have D. has 10. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible? —Yes, I would have, but I _____ so busy then. A. had been B. were

C. was D. am 11. —Why didn’t you buy it?

—I _____ but I didn’t have the money.

A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 12. —You should have finished it sooner. —I know but I _____ the time. A. don’t have

B. won’t have

C. didn’t have

D. had not 13. _____ water, we could not live a day in the desert. A. Without B. No C. Having no D. But not for 4 1. 选B。but for表示“如果不是……的话”，与虚拟语气搭配使用。

2. 选B。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should do或者were to do. 3. 选D。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

4. 选B。would rather后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式是：would rather sb. did/had done. 5. 选A。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。

6. 选D。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，意思是“如果不是有太阳的话”。

7. 选C。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should do. 8. 选A。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would/should do. 9. 选C。but后面的分句表示事实情况，不用虚拟语气。

10. 选C。but后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。

11. 选B。虚拟语气和事实情况混合的用法，第一个分句是虚拟，而but后面是事实情况。

12. 选C。but后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。

13. 选A。without经常代替虚拟的从句，表示假设。

14. 选D。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时。

15. 选A。could have done表示“本来可以做某事”。

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